Exam 1

Question 1

Why is animal science important?

Answer 1

Animals provide us with so much, from meat, milk, eggs, feathers, leather, fiber, draft/work, fuel, companionship, soil conservation and management, and biomedical research

Question 2

How has the domestication of animals influenced society?

Answer 2

The domestication of animals has aided in the switch from hunter/gather to agrarian society, aided in warfare, increased the quantity of food available, decreased labor required by humans, led to the development of market economies

Question 3

define domestication

Answer 3

to adapt to life in intimate association with and to the advantage of man

Question 4

define feral

Answer 4

ancestors were domesticated, but recent generations have reverted and now live in a wild state
NOT UNDOMESTICATED

Question 5

define wild

Answer 5

undomesticated, opposite of domesticated in every way

Question 6

define tame

Answer 6

animals relatively tolerant of human presence, wild or domestic

Question 7

define introduced species

Answer 7

plants or animals that are not native to a specific location, and are believed to be beneficial to the environment, human economy, and health

Question 8

define invasive species

Answer 8

plants or animals that are not native to a specific location, have a tendency to spread, and are believed to be harmful to the environment, human economy, and health

Question 9

list the characteristics of domesticated animals (4)

Answer 9

bred in captivity for human benefit
complete human control of breeding/reproduction
controlled territory
controlled food supply

Question 10

list the criteria for domestication

Answer 10

Diet
Growth rate
Size
Disposition
Panic response (less likely to)
Breed in captivity
Social hierarchy allows humans to be alpha

Question 11

what are the two theories about dog domestication?

Answer 11

theory 1: human domestication

theory 2: self-domestication

Question 12

how were dogs domesticated? (5) stages

Answer 12

1: self-domestication
2: strict captivity- humans limited breeding
3: intentional breeding by humans
4: trait standardization
5: elimination of wild genes, new species created

Question 13

when were dogs domesticated?

Answer 13

12,000-10,000 years ago

Question 14

what is the domestication process of herbivores? (3) stages

Answer 14

1. shift from pure hunting to herd management
2. control movement of herds
3. selective removal of young males

Question 15

what was the effect of selective removal of young males on herbivore domestication? (4)

Answer 15

alters sex ration, alters age structure, affects breeding, isolates wild types

Question 16

is there any reason why we would want to remove young female herbivores when domesticating?

Answer 16

females don’t give as much meat, and they have an estrous cycle which affects behavior

Question 17

when were sheep domesticated?

Answer 17

9,000 BC

Question 18

when were goats domesticated?

Answer 18

8,000 BC

Question 19

why were sheep and goats the first herbivores to be domesticated? (4)

Answer 19

1. size was good
2. they are very gregarious animals, which is good for herding
3. they can utilize a wide variety of feed resources
4. they provide a wide variety of useful products, like meat, milk, leather, fiber