Exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Why is animal science important?

A

Animals provide us with so much, from meat, milk, eggs, feathers, leather, fiber, draft/work, fuel, companionship, soil conservation and management, and biomedical research

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2
Q

How has the domestication of animals influenced society?

A

The domestication of animals has aided in the switch from hunter/gather to agrarian society, aided in warfare, increased the quantity of food available, decreased labor required by humans, led to the development of market economies

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3
Q

define domestication

A

to adapt to life in intimate association with and to the advantage of man

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4
Q

define feral

A

ancestors were domesticated, but recent generations have reverted and now live in a wild state
NOT UNDOMESTICATED

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5
Q

define wild

A

undomesticated, opposite of domesticated in every way

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6
Q

define tame

A

animals relatively tolerant of human presence, wild or domestic

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7
Q

define introduced species

A

plants or animals that are not native to a specific location, and are believed to be beneficial to the environment, human economy, and health

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8
Q

define invasive species

A

plants or animals that are not native to a specific location, have a tendency to spread, and are believed to be harmful to the environment, human economy, and health

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9
Q

list the characteristics of domesticated animals (4)

A

bred in captivity for human benefit
complete human control of breeding/reproduction
controlled territory
controlled food supply

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10
Q

list the criteria for domestication

A
Diet
Growth rate
Size
Disposition
Panic response (less likely to)
Breed in captivity
Social hierarchy allows humans to be alpha
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11
Q

what are the two theories about dog domestication?

A

theory 1: human domestication

theory 2: self-domestication

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12
Q

how were dogs domesticated? (5) stages

A

1: self-domestication
2: strict captivity- humans limited breeding
3: intentional breeding by humans
4: trait standardization
5: elimination of wild genes, new species created

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13
Q

when were dogs domesticated?

A

12,000-10,000 years ago

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14
Q

what is the domestication process of herbivores? (3) stages

A
  1. shift from pure hunting to herd management
  2. control movement of herds
  3. selective removal of young males
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15
Q

what was the effect of selective removal of young males on herbivore domestication? (4)

A

alters sex ration, alters age structure, affects breeding, isolates wild types

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16
Q

is there any reason why we would want to remove young female herbivores when domesticating?

A

females don’t give as much meat, and they have an estrous cycle which affects behavior

17
Q

when were sheep domesticated?

A

9,000 BC

18
Q

when were goats domesticated?

A

8,000 BC

19
Q

why were sheep and goats the first herbivores to be domesticated? (4)

A
  1. size was good
  2. they are very gregarious animals, which is good for herding
  3. they can utilize a wide variety of feed resources
  4. they provide a wide variety of useful products, like meat, milk, leather, fiber