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Animal Science > Digestive Physiology > Flashcards

Digestive Physiology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Nutrient Requirements?

A

water, energy, protein, vitamins and minerals

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2
Q

How do animals get these nutrients?

A

through physiological and behavioral mechanisms

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3
Q

Prehension

A

picking up the food; using teeth, tongue, and lips

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4
Q

Mastication

A

chewing/grinding the food; using teeth

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5
Q

Digestion

A

chemical and microbial

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6
Q

absorbtion

A

absorbing the nutrients for use

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7
Q

food

A

for humans and companion animals

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8
Q

feed

A

for livestock

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9
Q

Carnivores eat?

A

meat

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10
Q

Primary carnivore digestion?

A

chemical, microbial is very limited

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11
Q

Omnivores eat?

A

meat and highly digestible plant components

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12
Q

Primary omnivore digestion?

A

chemical, microbial is limited based on species

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13
Q

Herbivores eat?

A

plant materials (low digestibility)

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14
Q

Primary herbivore digestion?

A

microbial

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15
Q

Secondary herbivore digestion?

A

chemical

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16
Q

4 Primary Digestive Tract Types?

A

monogastric, ruminant, horse, avian

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17
Q

Who has monogastric?

A

carnivores and herbivores

ex. swine

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18
Q

Who has ruminant?

A

herbivores

ex. cattle

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19
Q

Who are nonruminant herbivores?

A

horses and rabbits

20
Q

Who has modified monogastric?

A 
avian:
carnivore
omnivore
granivore
frugivore
insectivore
21
Q

Who has longest intestinal tract?

A

herbivores, because their diet is more complex, and needs more room to break down and absorb nutrients

22
Q

Who has shortest intestinal tract?

A

carnivores, meat protein is very digestible

23
Q

Mucous cells secrete?

A

an alkaline mucus that protects epithelium against shear stress and acid

24
Q

Parietal cells secrete?

A

hydrochloric acid

25
Q

Chief cells secrete?

A

pepsin, a proteolytic enzyme

26
Q

G cells secrete?

A

gastrin, a hormone

27
Q

What happens in the proximal small intestine?

A

digestion

28
Q

What happens in the distal small intestine?

A

nutrient absorbtion

29
Q

What is the cecum also called?

A

the blind pouch

30
Q

What does the appendix do?

A

no known function

31
Q

What does the large intestine do?

A

water metabolism

32
Q

What is the order that food follows through the ruminant stomach

A

rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum

33
Q

what happens in the rumen?

A

microbial digestion, VFA’s released, looks like a shag carpet

34
Q

what happens in the reticulum?

A

trap large/unwanted particles and form bolus that is regurgitated through esophagus into mouth for further mastication, thick, honey comb walls

35
Q

what happens in the omasum?

A

any particles that made it through the reticulum are trapped, and water absorption in the many folds

36
Q

what happens in the abomasum?

A

chemical digestion, also called the true stomach, smotth walled

37
Q

what is the difference between the cecum of nonruminant herbivores and everyone else?

A

nonruminant herbivores’ cecum is where their microbial digestion takes place and VFA’s are released

38
Q

what is the difference between the cecum of modified monogastric’s and everyone else?

A

modified monogastric animals have two cecums, called ceca

39
Q

what is the order of passage of feed through the modified monogastric system?

A

esophagus, crop, preventriculus, gizzard, small intestine, ceca, large intestine, cloaca

40
Q

what happens in the crop?

A

storage and softening through moisture

41
Q

what happens in the proventriculus?

A

chemical digestion, this is the stomach of the system

42
Q

what happens in the gizzard?

A

mastication, or mechanical digestion by two super strong muscles that can grind up rocks

43
Q

what happens in the ceca?

A

SOME microbial digestion, but not a lot

44
Q

what is excreted through the cloaca?

A

feces and urine mixed together

45
Q

what is the digestive capacity of bovines?

A

up to 80 gallons at a time

46
Q

what is the digestive capacity of equines?

A

up to 35 gallons at a time

47
Q

who are the hindgut fermentors?

A

nonruminant herbivores

Animal Science (13 decks)

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