Male Reproductive

Question 1

What does the male reproductive system consists of (5)?

Answer 1

1) testis
2) genital ducts
3) seminal vesicle
4) prostate
5) penis

Question 2

What are the accessory glands (2)?

Answer 2

1) seminal vesicle

2) prostate

Question 3

Dense irregular collagenous connective tissue capsule that encloses each testis

Answer 3

tunica albuginea

Question 4

Thickened portion of the tunica albuginea where epididymis attach

Answer 4

mediastinum testis

Question 5

Mediatinum testis gives rise to incomplete connective tissue septa that radiate into the testis and further subdivides into…

Answer 5

~250 lobules called lobuli testis

Question 6

Layer of loose CT deep to the tunica albuginea and has a rich vascular supply known as the vascular capsule of the testis

Answer 6

tunica vasculosa

Question 7

What does each lobule of lobuli testis contain (3)?

Answer 7

1) 1-4 seminiferous tubules
2) interstitial cells of Leydig
3) loose CT stroma

Question 8

What’s the function of seminiferous tubules?

Answer 8

site of where spermatogonia differentiate into spermtazoa

Question 9

What’s the function of interstitial cells of Leydig?

Answer 9

produce and secrete testosterone

Question 10

Where are interstitial cells of Leydig in reference to seminiferous tubules and CT stroma within lobuli testis?

Answer 10

interstitial cells of Leydig are scattered within the CT stroma, which surrounds seminiferous tubules

Question 11

What are the three layers to seminiferous tubules?

Answer 11

1) tunica propria
2) basal lamina
3) seminiferous epithelium

Question 12

What is in the tunica propria of seminiferous tubules?

Answer 12

thin CT layer consist of type 1 collagen with 3-5 layers of myoid cells

Question 13

What are myoid cells?

Answer 13

they are contractile smooth muscle cells within the tunica propria of seminiferous tubules

Question 14

What’s the function of myoid cells?

Answer 14

rhythmic contractions that produce peristaltic waves to move spermatozoa through the seminiferous tubules

Question 15

Does basal lamina of seminiferous tubules contain cells?

Answer 15

NO, it is acellular

Question 16

What are the two cell types found in seminiferous epithelium?

Answer 16

1) spermatogenetic cells

2) Sertoli cells

Question 17

Where does differentiation of spermatogenetic cells start and end within the seminiferous epithelium?

Answer 17

they start at the periphery of the epithelium then progress toward the lumen

Question 18

Describe the appearance of Sertoli cells

Answer 18

tall, columnar cells that have highly folded apical and lateral cell membrane
nuclei are clear, ovoid or triangular
prominent nucleolus
Note: these cells run the entire length of the epithelium (unlike spermatogenetic cells)

Question 19

Do Sertoli cells replicate?

Answer 19

Not after puberty

Question 20

What type of cellular junctions do Sertoli cells have?

Answer 20

extremely tight zonula occludens junctions

Question 21

What’s the purpose of the tight junctions in Sertoli cells?

Answer 21

they bind the lateral cell membranes of adjacent Sertoli cells together to compartmentalize the seminiferous epithelium into 2 compartments

Question 22

What are the two compartments that is compartmentalized by the tight junctions?

Answer 22

1) basal epithelial

2) luminal

Question 23

What is the blood-testis barrier?

Answer 23

occludens jucntions create this barrier to separate the antigenic spermatogenetic cells from the immune system

Question 24

Why are spermatogenetic cells antigenic and specifically which ones?

Answer 24

they are haploid (1n):
secondary spermatocytes (1n-2d)
spermatids and sperm (both 1n-1d)

Question 25

What can phagocytose spermatid remnants?

Answer 25

Sertoli cells

Question 26

What does testosterone bind to and what releases it?

Answer 26

ABP (androgen-binding protein) released by Sertoli cells

Question 27

What's the purpose of ABP?

Answer 27

promotes spermatogenesis

Question 28

Which compartment of seminiferous epithelium is considered immuno-priviledged? Why?

Answer 28

luminal compartment because it contains the spermatogenetic cells

Question 29

What's inside the basal epithelial compartment of seminiferous epithelium?

Answer 29

1) spermatogonia and early primary spermatocytes | 2) blood, ions, and other nutrients (aa's, carbs and proteins)

Question 30

What is the most immature spermatogenetic cell called?

Answer 30

spermatogonia

Question 31

Process of which mature sperm is produced

Answer 31

spermatogenesis

Question 32

Approximately how many days does spermatogenesis take (total)?

Answer 32

~84 days

Question 33

What many days does it take to go through the epididymus?

Answer 33

~12 days

Question 34

True or False. Males are born with a certain number of spermatogonia in their testis.

Answer 34

TRUE. These spermatogonia will remain in the testis until puberty, at which time they will be replenished and this process will last throughout males' lifetime

Question 35

What occurs in the process where spermatogonia are differentiated into primary spermatocytes and where does this occur?

Answer 35

``` mitosis - basal compartment 46 single (2n-2d) --> 46 double (2n-4d) ```

Question 36

What occurs in the process where primary spermatocytes are differentiated into secondary spermatocytes and where does this occur?

Answer 36

``` meiosis I - luminal compartment 46 double (2n-4d) --> 23 double (1n-2d) ```

Question 37

What occurs in the process where secondary spermatocytes are differentiated into spermatids and where does this occur?

Answer 37

``` meiosis II - luminal compartment 23 double (1n-2d) --> 23 single (1n-1d) ```

Question 38

What occurs in the process where spermatids are differentiated into spermatozoa?

Answer 38

spermiogenesis (diff. from spermatogenesis) | **no change in DNA content, just physical properties are changed

Question 39

What cells of the male reproductive system are endocrine cells?

Answer 39

interstitial cells of Leydig (they synthesize testosterone)

Question 40

What influences interstitial cells of Leydig to produce and secrete testosterone?

Answer 40

FSH and LH (from gonadotropins)

Question 41

Are testosterone stored?

Answer 41

NO, they are released right away into the extracellular space

Question 42

Describe the pathway of spermatozoa through the genital system (8)

Answer 42

1) seminiferous epithelium 2) tubli recti 3) rete testis 4) efferent ductules 5) duct of epididymus 6) ductus deferens 7) ejaculatory duct 8) urethra

Question 43

Which are the intratesticular genital ducts (2)?

Answer 43

1) tubuli recti | 2) rete testis

Question 44

Which are the extratesticular genital ducts (4)?

Answer 44

1) efferent ductules 2) duct of epididymus 3) ductus deferens 4) ejaculatory duct

Question 45

What lines the tubuli recti and what type of epithelium do tubuli recti have?

Answer 45

1) lined by Sertoli cells | 2) simple cuboidal

Question 46

What type of epithelium do rete testis have?

Answer 46

simple cuboidal or low columnar

Question 47

What two genital ducts are in the epididymis?

Answer 47

1) efferent ductules | 2) duct of epididymus

Question 48

What type of epithelium does efferent ductules have?

Answer 48

pseudostratified columnar, ciliated and non-ciliated

Question 49

What do non-ciliated cells of efferent ductules do?

Answer 49

resorb fluid

Question 50

What type of epithelium does ductus epididymis have?

Answer 50

pseudostratified columnar with sterocilia

Question 51

What cell types serve as stem cells in the epithelial lining of duct of epididymis?

Answer 51

basal cells

Question 52

What type of epithelium does ductus deferens have?

Answer 52

pseudostratified columnar epithelium with stereocilia

Question 53

How many layers of smooth muscles are in ductus deferens? What are they?

Answer 53

1) inner longitudinal 2) middle circular 3) outer longitudinal

Question 54

Which end is the dilated end of ductus deferens?

Answer 54

ampulla

Question 55

What type of epithelium does ejaculatory duct have?

Answer 55

simple columnar epithelium

Question 56

Which genital duct does not have smooth muscle?

Answer 56

ejaculatory duct

Question 57

What epithelium does seminal vesicle have?

Answer 57

pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Question 58

What's the function of seminal vesicle?

Answer 58

secrete a viscous, yellow, fructose-rich seminal fluid

Question 59

What hormone controls seminal vesicles?

Answer 59

testosterone

Question 60

What type of connective tissue does the capsule of prostate gland have?

Answer 60

dense irregular collagenous

Question 61

Prostate gland has a CT stroma, which is it derived from?

Answer 61

CT capsule

Question 62

What are the three concentric layers of prostate gland?

Answer 62

1) mucosal 2) submucosal 3) peripheral

Question 63

What kind of glands are in the prostate gland?

Answer 63

tubuloalveolar

Question 64

Which of the concentric layers have the largest glands?

Answer 64

peripheral - main prostatic glands

Question 65

70% of prostatic cancer arises from which concentric layer?

Answer 65

peripheral

Question 66

What type of epithelium does the prostate gland have?

Answer 66

simple to pseudostratified columnar

Question 67

What secretory product does the epithelium secrete?

Answer 67

proteins

Question 68

What is the condition called where calcified glycoproteins are present in the prostate?

Answer 68

prostatic concretions (corpora amylacea)

Question 69

What is the condition that involves benign tumors of the prostate called?

Answer 69

benign prostatic hyperplasia

Question 70

What is located at the proximal end of the membranous urethra?

Answer 70

bulbourethral glands (Cowper's glands)

Question 71

How many columns of erectile tissue is located in the penis?

Answer 71

3 columns

Question 72

Each erectile tissues is covered by what?

Answer 72

tunica albuginea (dense, fibrous, CT capsule)

Question 73

Regarding penile tissue, which is located ventrally?

Answer 73

1 corpus spongiosum

Question 74

Regarding penile tissue, which is located dorsally?

Answer 74

2 corpora cavernosa

Question 75

What is the function of bulbourethral glands?

Answer 75

secrete mucous that lubricate the urethral lumen

Question 76

Which penile tissue contains the urethra?

Answer 76

corpus spongiosum

Question 77

What's the name of the arteries that causes the penis to become erect when filled?

Answer 77

Helicine arteries