Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cell Bio Exam 4 > Male Reproductive > Flashcards

Male Reproductive Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What does the male reproductive system consists of (5)?

A

1) testis
2) genital ducts
3) seminal vesicle
4) prostate
5) penis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the accessory glands (2)?

A

1) seminal vesicle

2) prostate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Dense irregular collagenous connective tissue capsule that encloses each testis

A

tunica albuginea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Thickened portion of the tunica albuginea where epididymis attach

A

mediastinum testis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Mediatinum testis gives rise to incomplete connective tissue septa that radiate into the testis and further subdivides into…

A

~250 lobules called lobuli testis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Layer of loose CT deep to the tunica albuginea and has a rich vascular supply known as the vascular capsule of the testis

A

tunica vasculosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does each lobule of lobuli testis contain (3)?

A

1) 1-4 seminiferous tubules
2) interstitial cells of Leydig
3) loose CT stroma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What’s the function of seminiferous tubules?

A

site of where spermatogonia differentiate into spermtazoa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What’s the function of interstitial cells of Leydig?

A

produce and secrete testosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where are interstitial cells of Leydig in reference to seminiferous tubules and CT stroma within lobuli testis?

A

interstitial cells of Leydig are scattered within the CT stroma, which surrounds seminiferous tubules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the three layers to seminiferous tubules?

A

1) tunica propria
2) basal lamina
3) seminiferous epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is in the tunica propria of seminiferous tubules?

A

thin CT layer consist of type 1 collagen with 3-5 layers of myoid cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are myoid cells?

A

they are contractile smooth muscle cells within the tunica propria of seminiferous tubules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What’s the function of myoid cells?

A

rhythmic contractions that produce peristaltic waves to move spermatozoa through the seminiferous tubules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Does basal lamina of seminiferous tubules contain cells?

A

NO, it is acellular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the two cell types found in seminiferous epithelium?

A

1) spermatogenetic cells

2) Sertoli cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Where does differentiation of spermatogenetic cells start and end within the seminiferous epithelium?

A

they start at the periphery of the epithelium then progress toward the lumen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Describe the appearance of Sertoli cells

A

tall, columnar cells that have highly folded apical and lateral cell membrane
nuclei are clear, ovoid or triangular
prominent nucleolus
Note: these cells run the entire length of the epithelium (unlike spermatogenetic cells)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Do Sertoli cells replicate?

A

Not after puberty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What type of cellular junctions do Sertoli cells have?

A

extremely tight zonula occludens junctions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What’s the purpose of the tight junctions in Sertoli cells?

A

they bind the lateral cell membranes of adjacent Sertoli cells together to compartmentalize the seminiferous epithelium into 2 compartments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the two compartments that is compartmentalized by the tight junctions?

A

1) basal epithelial

2) luminal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the blood-testis barrier?

A

occludens jucntions create this barrier to separate the antigenic spermatogenetic cells from the immune system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Why are spermatogenetic cells antigenic and specifically which ones?

A

they are haploid (1n):
secondary spermatocytes (1n-2d)
spermatids and sperm (both 1n-1d)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What can phagocytose spermatid remnants?

A

Sertoli cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What does testosterone bind to and what releases it?

A

ABP (androgen-binding protein) released by Sertoli cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What’s the purpose of ABP?

A

promotes spermatogenesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Which compartment of seminiferous epithelium is considered immuno-priviledged? Why?

A

luminal compartment because it contains the spermatogenetic cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What’s inside the basal epithelial compartment of seminiferous epithelium?

A

1) spermatogonia and early primary spermatocytes

2) blood, ions, and other nutrients (aa’s, carbs and proteins)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is the most immature spermatogenetic cell called?

A

spermatogonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Process of which mature sperm is produced

A

spermatogenesis

32
Q

Approximately how many days does spermatogenesis take (total)?

A

~84 days

33
Q

What many days does it take to go through the epididymus?

A

~12 days

34
Q

True or False. Males are born with a certain number of spermatogonia in their testis.

A

TRUE. These spermatogonia will remain in the testis until puberty, at which time they will be replenished and this process will last throughout males’ lifetime

35
Q

What occurs in the process where spermatogonia are differentiated into primary spermatocytes and where does this occur?

A 
mitosis - basal compartment
46 single (2n-2d) --> 46 double (2n-4d)
36
Q

What occurs in the process where primary spermatocytes are differentiated into secondary spermatocytes and where does this occur?

A 
meiosis I - luminal compartment
46 double (2n-4d) --> 23 double (1n-2d)
37
Q

What occurs in the process where secondary spermatocytes are differentiated into spermatids and where does this occur?

A 
meiosis II - luminal compartment
23 double (1n-2d) --> 23 single (1n-1d)
38
Q

What occurs in the process where spermatids are differentiated into spermatozoa?

A

spermiogenesis (diff. from spermatogenesis)

**no change in DNA content, just physical properties are changed

39
Q

What cells of the male reproductive system are endocrine cells?

A

interstitial cells of Leydig (they synthesize testosterone)

40
Q

What influences interstitial cells of Leydig to produce and secrete testosterone?

A

FSH and LH (from gonadotropins)

41
Q

Are testosterone stored?

A

NO, they are released right away into the extracellular space

42
Q

Describe the pathway of spermatozoa through the genital system (8)

A

1) seminiferous epithelium
2) tubli recti
3) rete testis
4) efferent ductules
5) duct of epididymus
6) ductus deferens
7) ejaculatory duct
8) urethra

43
Q

Which are the intratesticular genital ducts (2)?

A

1) tubuli recti

2) rete testis

44
Q

Which are the extratesticular genital ducts (4)?

A

1) efferent ductules
2) duct of epididymus
3) ductus deferens
4) ejaculatory duct

45
Q

What lines the tubuli recti and what type of epithelium do tubuli recti have?

A

1) lined by Sertoli cells

2) simple cuboidal

46
Q

What type of epithelium do rete testis have?

A

simple cuboidal or low columnar

47
Q

What two genital ducts are in the epididymis?

A

1) efferent ductules

2) duct of epididymus

48
Q

What type of epithelium does efferent ductules have?

A

pseudostratified columnar, ciliated and non-ciliated

49
Q

What do non-ciliated cells of efferent ductules do?

A

resorb fluid

50
Q

What type of epithelium does ductus epididymis have?

A

pseudostratified columnar with sterocilia

51
Q

What cell types serve as stem cells in the epithelial lining of duct of epididymis?

A

basal cells

52
Q

What type of epithelium does ductus deferens have?

A

pseudostratified columnar epithelium with stereocilia

53
Q

How many layers of smooth muscles are in ductus deferens? What are they?

A

1) inner longitudinal
2) middle circular
3) outer longitudinal

54
Q

Which end is the dilated end of ductus deferens?

A

ampulla

55
Q

What type of epithelium does ejaculatory duct have?

A

simple columnar epithelium

56
Q

Which genital duct does not have smooth muscle?

A

ejaculatory duct

57
Q

What epithelium does seminal vesicle have?

A

pseudostratified columnar epithelium

58
Q

What’s the function of seminal vesicle?

A

secrete a viscous, yellow, fructose-rich seminal fluid

59
Q

What hormone controls seminal vesicles?

A

testosterone

60
Q

What type of connective tissue does the capsule of prostate gland have?

A

dense irregular collagenous

61
Q

Prostate gland has a CT stroma, which is it derived from?

A

CT capsule

62
Q

What are the three concentric layers of prostate gland?

A

1) mucosal
2) submucosal
3) peripheral

63
Q

What kind of glands are in the prostate gland?

A

tubuloalveolar

64
Q

Which of the concentric layers have the largest glands?

A

peripheral - main prostatic glands

65
Q

70% of prostatic cancer arises from which concentric layer?

A

peripheral

66
Q

What type of epithelium does the prostate gland have?

A

simple to pseudostratified columnar

67
Q

What secretory product does the epithelium secrete?

A

proteins

68
Q

What is the condition called where calcified glycoproteins are present in the prostate?

A

prostatic concretions (corpora amylacea)

69
Q

What is the condition that involves benign tumors of the prostate called?

A

benign prostatic hyperplasia

70
Q

What is located at the proximal end of the membranous urethra?

A

bulbourethral glands (Cowper’s glands)

71
Q

How many columns of erectile tissue is located in the penis?

A

3 columns

72
Q

Each erectile tissues is covered by what?

A

tunica albuginea (dense, fibrous, CT capsule)

73
Q

Regarding penile tissue, which is located ventrally?

A

1 corpus spongiosum

74
Q

Regarding penile tissue, which is located dorsally?

A

2 corpora cavernosa

75
Q

What is the function of bulbourethral glands?

A

secrete mucous that lubricate the urethral lumen

76
Q

Which penile tissue contains the urethra?

A

corpus spongiosum

77
Q

What’s the name of the arteries that causes the penis to become erect when filled?

A

Helicine arteries

Cell Bio Exam 4 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions