GI I - oral cavity Flashcards
1
Q
What are the three types of mucosal lining found in the oral cavity?
A
1) masticatory
2) lining
3) specialized
2
Q
What are the layers of the mucosa lining?
A
1) epithelium
2) basal lamina
3) lamina propria
3
Q
Where in the oral cavity will you find masticatory mucosa?
A
gingivae and hard palate - where most force will be experienced
4
Q
What type of epithelium will be found in masticatory mucosa?
A
stratified squamous keratinized and parakeratinized
5
Q
Submucosa is found in gingivae, hard palate, or both?
A
Hard palate
gingivae lacks submucosa
6
Q
Anterior submucosa contains…
A
adipose CT
7
Q
Posterior submucosa contains…
A
mucous glands
8
Q
True or False. In parakeratinized epithelium, nucleus is visible and appear elongated.
A
True
9
Q
What is Burton’s line?
A
blue-gray gingival margin due to lead poisoning
10
Q
Most of the oral cavity will have this type of mucosa
A
lining
11
Q
What type of epithelium is present in most of the oral cavity?
A
nonkeratinized stratified squamous, may have small islands of parakeratinized
12
Q
What are the three strata of lining mucosa?
A
1) stratum basal
2) stratum spinosum
3) stratum superficiale
13
Q
Which layer of the lining mucosa is made up of connective tissue?
A
submucosa, also contains minor salivary glands
14
Q
What are the four types of specialized mucosa found in the oral cavity?
A
They are all located on the tongue:
1) Filiform papillae
2) Fungiform papillae
3) Circumvallate papillae
4) Foliate papillae
15
Q
Do all four types of papillae contain taste buds?
A
No, only filiform papillae does not contain taste buds
16
Q
What type of epithelium does filiform papillae have?
A
keratinized stratified squamous
17
Q
What gives the tongue its roughness?
A
conical projections of filiform papillae
18
Q
What shape does fungiform papillae have?
A
mushroom shaped
19
Q
What type of epithelium does fungiform papillae have?
A
stratified squamous
20
Q
Where is fungiform papillae found?
A
most abundant at tip of tongue
21
Q
Which type of papillae have moats?
A
circumvallate and foliate papillae
22
Q
What do the moats in circumvallate contain?
A
secretions from serous glands. taste buds are located in the epithelium within the moats
23
Q
What type of epithelium does circumvallate papillae have?
A
stratified squamous
24
Q
Where are folliate papillae located?
A
lateral margins of the tongue
25
What shape does folliate papillae have?
leaf-like
26
What occurs in the moats of foliate papillae?
secretions from small serous glands
27
What are the three cell types of taste buds?
1) sensory
2) supporting
3) basal
28
What is located at the apical portion of sensory cells?
microvilli
29
Where are the taste receptors located?
within the plasma membrane of sensory cells
30
Where do tastants bind?
taste receptors
31
The sensory cells have synaptic contact to which cranial nerves?
CN VII, IX, and X
32
Approximately how many days do sensory cells turnover?
every 10 days
33
What is located at the apical portion of supporting cells?
microvilli (same as sensory cells)
34
What is the function of supporting cells?
help support and insulate sensory cells
35
Where are basal cells found?
near basal lamina
36
Which of the three types of cells found in taste buds serve as stem cells?
basal cells
37
What are the three regions that define the lip?
1) skin
2) vermilion zone
3) mucosa
38
What type of epithelium is found in the skin of the lips?
stratified squamous, keratinized
39
True or false. skin of the lips contain hair follicles and sweat and sebaceous glands
true
40
What is the significance of the vermilion zone (red free margin)?
it is the transition zone where external surface of skin and inner mucosa lining
41
Does the vermilion zone contain hair follicles and sweat glands?
no
42
What type of epithelium does mucosa of the lips have?
stratified squamous, nonkeratinized
43
Where are the labial salivary glands located?
submucosa
44
Where is the muscle layer within the lips and what type of muscle is it?
oribularis oris is located between dermis and submucosa, skeletal muscle
45
What are the three types of salivary glands?
1) parotid
2) submandibular
3) sublingual
46
Which type of salivary gland contain mixed glands (serous and mucous) with serous predominating?
submandibular
47
Which type of salivary gland contain mixed glands (serous and mucous) with mucous predominating?
sublingual
48
Which type of salivary gland contain purely serous glands?
parotid
49
Saliva is secreted by which cells?
acinar and ductal cells
50
How much saliva is secreted per day?
1.2 liters
51
What makes up saliva (6)?
1) protein
2) enzymes
3) ions
4) mucins
5) IgA
6) lactoferrin
52
What's the function of protein found in saliva?
it forms a protective coat on teeth, the acquired pellicle
53
What enzymes are found in saliva (4)? What functions do they have?
1) amylase
2) lipase
3) lysozyme
4) lactoperoxidase
These enzymes are digestive and antibacterial
54
What's the purpose of lactoferrin?
it binds to iron that bacteria need (antibacterial)
55
What are the five types of teeth?
1) central incisor
2) lateral incisor
3) canine
4) premolars
5) molars
56
What are the two layers of anatomic crown?
enamel and dentin
57
What is the difference between anatomic and clinical crown?
clinical crown is exposed above the gum line. anatomical crown ends when enamel ends
58
Which layer of a tooth covers the root but absent at anatomic crown?
cementum
59
Which layer of a tooth covers anatomic crown but absent at root?
enamel
60
Which layer of a tooth is present in the crown and root?
dentin
61
Which layer of a tooth is 96-98% calcium hydroxyapatite?
enamel (hardest substance of the body- bone has 65%)
62
What is enamel derived from?
epithelial tissue
63
What is in the center of a tooth?
pulp cavity: vessels, nerve fibers, and connective tissue
64
What kind of damage is enamel susceptible to?
corrosive damage from acid
65
What are the four stages of tooth development?
1) Bud
2) Cap
3) Bell
4) Appositional dentin and enamel
66
What occurs in the bud stage?
invagination of oral epithelium into the mesenchyme
67
Where does primordium of enamel lie?
within the invagination of oral epithelium in bud stage
68
What induces the invagination process of bud stage?
neuroectodermal cells located in the mesenchyme
69
What is secreted by the cells of epithelial tooth bud? What do these substances do?
fibroblast growth factor-4 and morphogenetic proteins 2, 4, and 7. They regulate tooth shape
70
What forms the primordium of the dental papilla?
mesenchymal cells on the base of the invagination
71
What occurs in the inner enamel epithelium in cap stage?
cells will differentiate into ameloblasts
72
What occurs in the dental papilla in cap stage?
neural crest cells of neuroectoderm will differentiate into odontoblasts while others will form the pulp
73
Cap stage is induced by what?
activin betaA and bone morphogenetic protein 4 secreted by mesenchyme
74
Bell stage is characterized by what four layers?
1) outer enamel epithelium
2) inner enamel epithelium
3) stratum intermedium
4) stellate reticulum
75
What is the function of the cells of stratum intermedium?
they elaborate and transport substances to the ameloblasts
76
What is amelogenesis?
process by which enamel is formed
77
What are two proteins components comprises enamel?
enamelins and tuftelins
78
Where do ameloblasts reside in the bell stage?
inner enamel epithelium
79
What is the function of ameloblasts?
synthesize and elaborate enamel
80
What are ameloblasts derived from?
oral epithelium of ectoderm
81
What is the function of odontoblasts?
secret dentin
82
What are odontoblasts derived from?
neural crest cells of neuroectoderm
83
Why can't we make more enamel as adults?
ameyloblasts disappear as soon as the tooth starts to erupt
84
Which is elaborated first, dentin or enamel?
dentin must be elaborated first, then enamel
85
Basal domain of secretory-stage ameloblasts rest on basal lamina, how do they get their nutrients and from whom?
external to BL is the stratum intermedium, where cells here transfers nutrients to ameloblasts, which they use to build enamel
86
What occurs with maturation-stage ameloblasts?
maturation involves removal of organic components of partially mineralized enamel and further mineralized of enamel
87
What is the purpose of having ruffled borders in maturation-stage ameloblasts?
increase surface area for uptake of organic components
88
What is the purpose of having smooth borders in maturation-stage ameloblasts?
decrease uptake of organic components
89
Stratum intermedium is absent during matrix maturation, what is present instead?
papillary layer at the basal domain of ameloblasts
90
What component of tooth is similar to bone, 65% mineralized?
cementum
91
What are cementoblasts derived from?
mesenchyme
92
What's the function of cementoblasts?
secrete cementum
93
True or false. cementum is vascularized.
false. it is avascular (unlike bone)
94
Where are cementoblasts located?
between the surface of cementum and the peridontal ligament
95
When do cementoblasts become cementocytes?
when they become surrounded by cementum
96
Where are cementocytes and their processes found?
cementocytes are found in lacunae and their processes in canaliculi
97
Where is acellular cementum and cellular cementum found?
acellular - upper root area
| cellular - lower root, thicker
98
What are Sharpey's fibers?
type I collagen fibers that run from matrix of cementum to bone of the tooth socket
99
What is the principle component of periodontal ligament?
Sharpey's fibers
100
Mineralized tissue that lies deep to enamel and cementum. It is 70% inorganic
dentin
101
Dentin is secreted by which cells?
odontoblasts
102
What two proteins are unique to dentin?
1) dentin phosphoprotein
| 2) dentin sialoprotein
103
Where are odontoblasts located in relation to pulp cavity?
inner surface of dentin, the surface that is facing pulp cavity
104
Where are odontoblasts derived from?
neural crest cells of the adjacent mesenchyme
105
Elongated processes of the odontoblasts embedded in dentin
dentinal tubules
106
Why does exposure to cold or hot beverages increase tooth sensitivity?
due to the absence of cementum or enamel. dentinal tubules are fluid-filled and when the temperature change, it is detected by the nerve fibers within
107
True or false. cementum is more mineralized than dentin.
False. dentin is more mineralized than cementum
108
From most to least, rank the three mineralized components of a tooth.
1) enamel
2) dentin
3) cementum
109
True or False. Dentin is secreted throughout life
TRUE!
110
Where can you find the vascular component of tooth?
pulp cavity
111
Odontoblasts first secret an unmineralized component, what is it?
predentin. once it becomes mineralized, then it becomes dentin
112
Besides blood vessels and nerves, what else does pulp cavity contain?
loose connective tissue
113
Nerves and blood vessels of pulp cavity enter and leave through what?
apical foramina of the roots
114
Why does pulp cavity become smaller with age?
dentin is elaborated inward. as more dentin is secreted, pulp cavity gets smaller
