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Cell Bio Exam 4 > GI I - oral cavity > Flashcards

GI I - oral cavity Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the three types of mucosal lining found in the oral cavity?

A

1) masticatory
2) lining
3) specialized

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2
Q

What are the layers of the mucosa lining?

A

1) epithelium
2) basal lamina
3) lamina propria

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3
Q

Where in the oral cavity will you find masticatory mucosa?

A

gingivae and hard palate - where most force will be experienced

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4
Q

What type of epithelium will be found in masticatory mucosa?

A

stratified squamous keratinized and parakeratinized

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5
Q

Submucosa is found in gingivae, hard palate, or both?

A

Hard palate

gingivae lacks submucosa

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6
Q

Anterior submucosa contains…

A

adipose CT

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7
Q

Posterior submucosa contains…

A

mucous glands

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8
Q

True or False. In parakeratinized epithelium, nucleus is visible and appear elongated.

A

True

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9
Q

What is Burton’s line?

A

blue-gray gingival margin due to lead poisoning

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10
Q

Most of the oral cavity will have this type of mucosa

A

lining

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11
Q

What type of epithelium is present in most of the oral cavity?

A

nonkeratinized stratified squamous, may have small islands of parakeratinized

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12
Q

What are the three strata of lining mucosa?

A

1) stratum basal
2) stratum spinosum
3) stratum superficiale

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13
Q

Which layer of the lining mucosa is made up of connective tissue?

A

submucosa, also contains minor salivary glands

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14
Q

What are the four types of specialized mucosa found in the oral cavity?

A

They are all located on the tongue:

1) Filiform papillae
2) Fungiform papillae
3) Circumvallate papillae
4) Foliate papillae

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15
Q

Do all four types of papillae contain taste buds?

A

No, only filiform papillae does not contain taste buds

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16
Q

What type of epithelium does filiform papillae have?

A

keratinized stratified squamous

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17
Q

What gives the tongue its roughness?

A

conical projections of filiform papillae

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18
Q

What shape does fungiform papillae have?

A

mushroom shaped

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19
Q

What type of epithelium does fungiform papillae have?

A

stratified squamous

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20
Q

Where is fungiform papillae found?

A

most abundant at tip of tongue

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21
Q

Which type of papillae have moats?

A

circumvallate and foliate papillae

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22
Q

What do the moats in circumvallate contain?

A

secretions from serous glands. taste buds are located in the epithelium within the moats

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23
Q

What type of epithelium does circumvallate papillae have?

A

stratified squamous

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24
Q

Where are folliate papillae located?

A

lateral margins of the tongue

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25
Q

What shape does folliate papillae have?

A

leaf-like

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26
Q

What occurs in the moats of foliate papillae?

A

secretions from small serous glands

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27
Q

What are the three cell types of taste buds?

A

1) sensory
2) supporting
3) basal

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28
Q

What is located at the apical portion of sensory cells?

A

microvilli

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29
Q

Where are the taste receptors located?

A

within the plasma membrane of sensory cells

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30
Q

Where do tastants bind?

A

taste receptors

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31
Q

The sensory cells have synaptic contact to which cranial nerves?

A

CN VII, IX, and X

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32
Q

Approximately how many days do sensory cells turnover?

A

every 10 days

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33
Q

What is located at the apical portion of supporting cells?

A

microvilli (same as sensory cells)

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34
Q

What is the function of supporting cells?

A

help support and insulate sensory cells

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35
Q

Where are basal cells found?

A

near basal lamina

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36
Q

Which of the three types of cells found in taste buds serve as stem cells?

A

basal cells

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37
Q

What are the three regions that define the lip?

A

1) skin
2) vermilion zone
3) mucosa

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38
Q

What type of epithelium is found in the skin of the lips?

A

stratified squamous, keratinized

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39
Q

True or false. skin of the lips contain hair follicles and sweat and sebaceous glands

A

true

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40
Q

What is the significance of the vermilion zone (red free margin)?

A

it is the transition zone where external surface of skin and inner mucosa lining

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41
Q

Does the vermilion zone contain hair follicles and sweat glands?

A

no

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42
Q

What type of epithelium does mucosa of the lips have?

A

stratified squamous, nonkeratinized

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43
Q

Where are the labial salivary glands located?

A

submucosa

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44
Q

Where is the muscle layer within the lips and what type of muscle is it?

A

oribularis oris is located between dermis and submucosa, skeletal muscle

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45
Q

What are the three types of salivary glands?

A

1) parotid
2) submandibular
3) sublingual

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46
Q

Which type of salivary gland contain mixed glands (serous and mucous) with serous predominating?

A

submandibular

47
Q

Which type of salivary gland contain mixed glands (serous and mucous) with mucous predominating?

A

sublingual

48
Q

Which type of salivary gland contain purely serous glands?

A

parotid

49
Q

Saliva is secreted by which cells?

A

acinar and ductal cells

50
Q

How much saliva is secreted per day?

A

1.2 liters

51
Q

What makes up saliva (6)?

A

1) protein
2) enzymes
3) ions
4) mucins
5) IgA
6) lactoferrin

52
Q

What’s the function of protein found in saliva?

A

it forms a protective coat on teeth, the acquired pellicle

53
Q

What enzymes are found in saliva (4)? What functions do they have?

A

1) amylase
2) lipase
3) lysozyme
4) lactoperoxidase
These enzymes are digestive and antibacterial

54
Q

What’s the purpose of lactoferrin?

A

it binds to iron that bacteria need (antibacterial)

55
Q

What are the five types of teeth?

A

1) central incisor
2) lateral incisor
3) canine
4) premolars
5) molars

56
Q

What are the two layers of anatomic crown?

A

enamel and dentin

57
Q

What is the difference between anatomic and clinical crown?

A

clinical crown is exposed above the gum line. anatomical crown ends when enamel ends

58
Q

Which layer of a tooth covers the root but absent at anatomic crown?

A

cementum

59
Q

Which layer of a tooth covers anatomic crown but absent at root?

A

enamel

60
Q

Which layer of a tooth is present in the crown and root?

A

dentin

61
Q

Which layer of a tooth is 96-98% calcium hydroxyapatite?

A

enamel (hardest substance of the body- bone has 65%)

62
Q

What is enamel derived from?

A

epithelial tissue

63
Q

What is in the center of a tooth?

A

pulp cavity: vessels, nerve fibers, and connective tissue

64
Q

What kind of damage is enamel susceptible to?

A

corrosive damage from acid

65
Q

What are the four stages of tooth development?

A

1) Bud
2) Cap
3) Bell
4) Appositional dentin and enamel

66
Q

What occurs in the bud stage?

A

invagination of oral epithelium into the mesenchyme

67
Q

Where does primordium of enamel lie?

A

within the invagination of oral epithelium in bud stage

68
Q

What induces the invagination process of bud stage?

A

neuroectodermal cells located in the mesenchyme

69
Q

What is secreted by the cells of epithelial tooth bud? What do these substances do?

A

fibroblast growth factor-4 and morphogenetic proteins 2, 4, and 7. They regulate tooth shape

70
Q

What forms the primordium of the dental papilla?

A

mesenchymal cells on the base of the invagination

71
Q

What occurs in the inner enamel epithelium in cap stage?

A

cells will differentiate into ameloblasts

72
Q

What occurs in the dental papilla in cap stage?

A

neural crest cells of neuroectoderm will differentiate into odontoblasts while others will form the pulp

73
Q

Cap stage is induced by what?

A

activin betaA and bone morphogenetic protein 4 secreted by mesenchyme

74
Q

Bell stage is characterized by what four layers?

A

1) outer enamel epithelium
2) inner enamel epithelium
3) stratum intermedium
4) stellate reticulum

75
Q

What is the function of the cells of stratum intermedium?

A

they elaborate and transport substances to the ameloblasts

76
Q

What is amelogenesis?

A

process by which enamel is formed

77
Q

What are two proteins components comprises enamel?

A

enamelins and tuftelins

78
Q

Where do ameloblasts reside in the bell stage?

A

inner enamel epithelium

79
Q

What is the function of ameloblasts?

A

synthesize and elaborate enamel

80
Q

What are ameloblasts derived from?

A

oral epithelium of ectoderm

81
Q

What is the function of odontoblasts?

A

secret dentin

82
Q

What are odontoblasts derived from?

A

neural crest cells of neuroectoderm

83
Q

Why can’t we make more enamel as adults?

A

ameyloblasts disappear as soon as the tooth starts to erupt

84
Q

Which is elaborated first, dentin or enamel?

A

dentin must be elaborated first, then enamel

85
Q

Basal domain of secretory-stage ameloblasts rest on basal lamina, how do they get their nutrients and from whom?

A

external to BL is the stratum intermedium, where cells here transfers nutrients to ameloblasts, which they use to build enamel

86
Q

What occurs with maturation-stage ameloblasts?

A

maturation involves removal of organic components of partially mineralized enamel and further mineralized of enamel

87
Q

What is the purpose of having ruffled borders in maturation-stage ameloblasts?

A

increase surface area for uptake of organic components

88
Q

What is the purpose of having smooth borders in maturation-stage ameloblasts?

A

decrease uptake of organic components

89
Q

Stratum intermedium is absent during matrix maturation, what is present instead?

A

papillary layer at the basal domain of ameloblasts

90
Q

What component of tooth is similar to bone, 65% mineralized?

A

cementum

91
Q

What are cementoblasts derived from?

A

mesenchyme

92
Q

What’s the function of cementoblasts?

A

secrete cementum

93
Q

True or false. cementum is vascularized.

A

false. it is avascular (unlike bone)

94
Q

Where are cementoblasts located?

A

between the surface of cementum and the peridontal ligament

95
Q

When do cementoblasts become cementocytes?

A

when they become surrounded by cementum

96
Q

Where are cementocytes and their processes found?

A

cementocytes are found in lacunae and their processes in canaliculi

97
Q

Where is acellular cementum and cellular cementum found?

A

acellular - upper root area

cellular - lower root, thicker

98
Q

What are Sharpey’s fibers?

A

type I collagen fibers that run from matrix of cementum to bone of the tooth socket

99
Q

What is the principle component of periodontal ligament?

A

Sharpey’s fibers

100
Q

Mineralized tissue that lies deep to enamel and cementum. It is 70% inorganic

A

dentin

101
Q

Dentin is secreted by which cells?

A

odontoblasts

102
Q

What two proteins are unique to dentin?

A

1) dentin phosphoprotein

2) dentin sialoprotein

103
Q

Where are odontoblasts located in relation to pulp cavity?

A

inner surface of dentin, the surface that is facing pulp cavity

104
Q

Where are odontoblasts derived from?

A

neural crest cells of the adjacent mesenchyme

105
Q

Elongated processes of the odontoblasts embedded in dentin

A

dentinal tubules

106
Q

Why does exposure to cold or hot beverages increase tooth sensitivity?

A

due to the absence of cementum or enamel. dentinal tubules are fluid-filled and when the temperature change, it is detected by the nerve fibers within

107
Q

True or false. cementum is more mineralized than dentin.

A

False. dentin is more mineralized than cementum

108
Q

From most to least, rank the three mineralized components of a tooth.

A

1) enamel
2) dentin
3) cementum

109
Q

True or False. Dentin is secreted throughout life

A

TRUE!

110
Q

Where can you find the vascular component of tooth?

A

pulp cavity

111
Q

Odontoblasts first secret an unmineralized component, what is it?

A

predentin. once it becomes mineralized, then it becomes dentin

112
Q

Besides blood vessels and nerves, what else does pulp cavity contain?

A

loose connective tissue

113
Q

Nerves and blood vessels of pulp cavity enter and leave through what?

A

apical foramina of the roots

114
Q

Why does pulp cavity become smaller with age?

A

dentin is elaborated inward. as more dentin is secreted, pulp cavity gets smaller

Cell Bio Exam 4 (10 decks)

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