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Cell Bio Exam 4 > GI III > Flashcards

GI III Flashcards

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1
Q

Describe the epithelium of small intestines

A

mainly absorptive columnar cells with well-developed brush borders

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2
Q

What type of lymphocytes are located in the mucosa of the small intestines?

A

intraepithelial lymphocytes (T cells)

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3
Q

Loose connective tissue that extends into the villi

A

Lamina propria of the small intestines

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4
Q

What are lacteals?

A

well endowed with blood and lymphatic vessels (within the lamina propria)

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5
Q

Where are goblet cells found in the small intestines?

A

their numbers increase as the ileum is approached

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6
Q

What is another name of intestinal glands found in lamina propria of the small intestines?

A

crypts of Lieberkuhn

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7
Q

What type of epithelium does crypts of Lieberkuhn have?

A

simple columnar

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8
Q

What are the three different cell types of the intestinal glands?

A

1) paneth cells
2) enteroendocrine cells
3) stem cells

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9
Q

What’s the function of paneth cells?

A

secrete lysozyme, defensins, and tumor necrosis factor alpha

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10
Q

Paneth cells extend into which structure?

A

right colon

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11
Q

Where are the stem cell niche located?

A

at the base of the gland (different than the stomach)

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12
Q

Where does enteroendocrine cells secrete their products, toward the lumen or tissues?

A

Toward the tissues NOT the lumen

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13
Q

Which segment is the shortest of small intestines?

A

duodenum

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14
Q

Which layer are the glands located in the duodenum?

A

submucosa

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15
Q

Which gland is a signature feature of the duodenum?

A

Brunner’s glands

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16
Q

What’s the function of Brunner’s glands?

A

secrete mucus and human epidermal growth factor

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17
Q

Which part of the duodenum are Brunner’s glands most developed?

A

proximal

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18
Q

Which has a thicker wall, jejunum or ileum?

A

jejunum

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19
Q

Which is more richly vascularized, jejunum or ileum?

A

jejunum (redder than ileun)

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20
Q

Which part of the small intestines are Peyer’s patches located?

A

ileum

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21
Q

Which part of the small intestines will you find M cells?

A

Peyer’s patches of the ileum and lymphoid tissues of gut as well

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22
Q

Instead of plicae circulares, what does the large intestines have?

A

plicae semilunares - permanent folds of mucosa and submucosa

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23
Q

Does the large intestines have villi?

A

NO

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24
Q

Does the large intestines have brush border?

A

Yes, but it’s poorly developed

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25
Q

True or False. Goblet cells are more numerous in the small intestine than the large intestine

A

False, it’s the other way around

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26
Q

Does the crypt density increase or decrease in large intestine? What about goblet cell density?

A

Both increase

27
Q

Why is paucity of lymphatic channels significant?

A

an intramucosal carcinoma has little or no potential to metastasize

28
Q

In which direction does the lymphatics of large intestine extend, radially or longitudinally?

A

radially

29
Q

Which smooth muscle layer does not completely surround the large intestine?

A

outer longitudinal

30
Q

What is teniae coli?

A

three longitudinal bands of smooth muscle found in the muscularis externa

31
Q

Appendix - mucosa resembles ____ while submucosa resembles ____

A

mucosa - large intestine

submucosa - small intestine

32
Q

The appendix has lack of which two structures?

A

teniae coli and villi

33
Q

What are two mechanisms of appendicitis?

A

1) fecalith and intraluminal pressure

2) infection and mucosal ulceration

34
Q

What’s the name of the three permanent folds found in the rectum?

A

transverse rectal folds or valves of Houston

35
Q

Valve of Houston is a permanent fold of which layers?

A

1) mucosa
2) submucosa
3) portions of muscularis externa

36
Q

What are anal columns?

A

longitudinal folds of submucosa and mucosa

37
Q

What is the significance of the pectinate line?

A

lymphatics drain differently above an below this line due to derivation.

38
Q

Superior to pectinate line, which layer contains plexus of veins?

A

submucosa

39
Q

Inferior to pectinate line, which layer contains plexus of veins?

A

lamina propria

40
Q

What are the three anal cushions?

A

1) left lateral (3 o’clock)
2) right anterior (7 o’clock)
3) right posterior (11 o’clock)

41
Q

What are anal cushions composed of?

A

connective tissue, smooth muscle, and blood vessels

42
Q

What’s the function of anal cushions?

A

anal continence

43
Q

Where are anal valves located?

A

between distal adjacent anal columns

44
Q

Where are anal sinuses located?

A

lateral to the valves

45
Q

What type epithelium will you find below the pectinate line?

A

Stratified squamous

46
Q

What divides non-keratinized epithelium versus keratinized epithelium in the anal canal?

A

intersphinctic groove

47
Q

Will you feel pain if you had hemorrhoids above the dentate (pectinate) line?

A

no

48
Q

Will you feel pain if you had hemorrhoids below the dentate (pectinate) line?

A

yes

49
Q

What are anorectal abscess?

A

gland secretions and/or fecal matter can plug up anal sinuses, causing inflammation and infection. pus then accumulates

50
Q

What is fistula in ano?

A

anorectal abscesses that develop into tubes that penetrate skin of the perineum, connecting the anal canal with it

51
Q

What is colonic diverticula?

A

outpouching of the diverticula (large intestine), sites of weakness between tenia coli

52
Q

Why is it called false diverticula?

A

because it involves mucosa and submucosa

53
Q

What layers are affected in true diverticula?

A

all wall layers

54
Q

What are polyps?

A

hyperproliferative cells that start to pile up on luminal surface

55
Q

Which is more likely to be invasive, tubular adenoma or villous adenoma?

A

villous adenoma is more likely to be invasive

56
Q

Does the lamina propria of the large intestine have well endowed lymphatic vessels?

A

No

57
Q

In the presence of inflammatory bowel disease, is lamina propria better or poorly developed?

A

better developed

58
Q

Which inflammatory bowel disease is typically confined to large intestine?

A

ulcerative colitis

59
Q

Which inflammatory bowel disease can be found anywhere along the GI tract?

A

Crohn’s disease

60
Q

Which inflammatory bowel disease is more likely to cause fissures or fistulas?

A

Crohn’s disease

61
Q

What occurs in Hirschsprung’s disease?

A

neural crest cells do not make proper migration to the involved segment of colon

62
Q

Hirschsprung’s disease always involves…

A

rectum and may also more proximal segments

63
Q

What is aganlionosis?

A

both myenteric and submucosal plexuses are absent

Cell Bio Exam 4 (10 decks)

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