GI IV

Question 1

What is the liver covered in?

Answer 1

connective tissue capsule called Glisson’s capsule

Question 2

What lies external to Glisson’s capsule?

Answer 2

mesothelium of visceral peritoneum

Question 3

What supports hepatocytes?

Answer 3

delicate reticular framework (type III collagen fibers)

Question 4

Describe a classic hepatic lobule

Answer 4

stack of hexogonal plates of hepatocytes, sinusoids and central vein

Question 5

What’s in portal canals?

Answer 5

connective tissue, portal triad, lymphatic vessels and autonomic nerve fibers

Question 6

Where are portal canals found?

Answer 6

angles of the liver lobule (3-6 portal canals)

Question 7

What’s in a portal triad?

Answer 7

1) branches of hepatic artery
2) portal vein
3) bile duct

Question 8

What is another name for periportal space?

Answer 8

space of Mall

Question 9

Where is periportal space located?

Answer 9

between connective tissue and adjacent hepatocytes

Question 10

What is presumed to be the site of lymph origin?

Answer 10

periportal space

Question 11

Are lymphatic vessels part of the portal triad?

Answer 11

NO

Question 12

What type of epithelium do bile ducts have?

Answer 12

simple cuboidal

Question 13

What does it mean by dual blood supply to liver?

Answer 13

portal vein (nutrients) provides 75% of the blood while hepatic artery proper (oxygen) provides the rest

Question 14

What are the three features to sinusoids?

Answer 14

1) discontinuous endothelium with large fenestrations and discontinuous basal lamina
2) Kupffer cells
3) Perisinusoidal space (of Disse)

Question 15

What are Kupffer cells?

Answer 15

hepatic macrophages (professional phagocytic cells that line the capillaries)

Question 16

What is found in the perisinusoidal space (of Disse)?

Answer 16

1) hepatic stellate cell

2) microvilli of hepatocytes

Question 17

What are other names for hepatic stellate cell?

Answer 17

perisinusoidal cell and cell of Ito

Question 18

What’s the function of hepatic stellate cell?

Answer 18

contractile and CT elaboration

Question 19

What’s another name for central vein?

Answer 19

terminal hepatic venule

Question 20

What’s the purpose of microvilli in the sinusoidal capillaries?

Answer 20

increases surface area

Question 21

How many zones are in hepatic acinus?

Answer 21

3

Question 22

Which zone is this?

1) increased O2
2) decreased CO2
3) decreased metabolic waste products
4) increased nutrients
5) bile stasis, iron toxicity and alfatoxin (perilobular damage)
6) regenerative capacity

Answer 22

Zone 1

Question 23

Which zone is this?

1) decreased O2
2) increased CO2
3) increased metabolic waste products
4) decreased nutrients
5) first to show fat accumulation
6) more susceptible to damage

Answer 23

Zone 3

Question 24

Which zone is susceptible to ischemic-induced necrosis?

Answer 24

zone 3

Question 25

Which zone is more susceptible to several drug (such as acetaminophen) and toxic reactions? Why?

Answer 25

zone 3 because more detoxification reactions occur there

Question 26

Which zone will you find most of these enzymes? | glucose-liberating enzymes

Answer 26

zone 1

Question 27

Which zone will you find most of these enzymes? | fatty-acid synthesizing enzymes

Answer 27

zone 3

Question 28

Which zone will you find most of these enzymes? | fatty acid oxidation enzymes

Answer 28

zone 1

Question 29

Which zone will you find most of these enzymes? | glycolysis enzymes

Answer 29

zone 3

Question 30

Which zone will you find most of these enzymes? | detoxification enzymes

Answer 30

zone 3

Question 31

Which zone will have more extrahepatic hormones?

Answer 31

zone 1

Question 32

What is the function of mdr-2?

Answer 32

transport conjugated bilirubin

Question 33

Absence of mdr-2 can lead to which disease?

Answer 33

Dubin-Johnson syndrome

Question 34

Which two diseases are related to reduced bilirubin conjugation?

Answer 34

Gilbert syndrome (benign condition) and Crigler-Najjar syndrome type II

Question 35

Which disease is caused by absent of conjugation?

Answer 35

Crigler-Najjar syndrome type I

Question 36

How fast can liver regenerate if someone were to donate a portion of it?

Answer 36

1 week

Question 37

Is conjugated bilirubin direct or indirect?

Answer 37

direct

Question 38

Is unconjugated bilirubin direct or indirect?

Answer 38

indirect

Question 39

Which condition is reversible, fatty liver or cirrhosis?

Answer 39

fatty liver

Question 40

Beginning portion of bile duct

Answer 40

bile canaliculus

Question 41

Stem cell niche! | Lined by simple cuboidal cholangiocytes and hepatocytes

Answer 41

canals of Hering

Question 42

What type of epithelium is in hepatic ducts?

Answer 42

simple columnar epithelium

Question 43

What occurs to stellate cells when there's injury or insult to liver?

Answer 43

increase in number and elaborate CT, becomes contractile and contricts blood flow = not good stuff

Question 44

What are the three layers to the wall of gallbladder?

Answer 44

1) mucosa 2) muscularis 3) CT layer of serosa/adventitia

Question 45

What type of epithelium does gallbladder have?

Answer 45

simple colunmar

Question 46

Does the wall of gallbladder contain muscularis mucosa?

Answer 46

NO

Question 47

What do acinar cells secrete?

Answer 47

enzymes

Question 48

What do ductal cells secrete?

Answer 48

water and ions (ie bicarbonate)

Question 49

What are the two primary causes of acute pancreatitis?

Answer 49

alcohol and gallstones