- develop of fetus is sexually undifferentiated - contains 2 ducts - undeveloped gonads

- extends from gonad to abdominopelvic scrotum - guides testes to scrotum

Male Reproduction Flashcards by Courtney Nesbitt

sexual reproduction (3)

offspring has 2 parents and receives genetic material from both
genetic diversity
foundation for survival and evolution

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primary sex organs

produce gametes

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secondary sex characteristics

develop at puberty

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week 5-6 (3)

develop of fetus is sexually undifferentiated
contains 2 ducts
undeveloped gonads

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what are the 2 ducts?

Wolffian duct (mesonephric)

- Mullerian duct (parasympathetic)

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wolffian duct system

-develops in male; degenerates in female

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mullerian duct system

-develop in female; degenerates in male

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chromatids are ________; chromosomes code for the same ____

identical; trait

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what controls development or degeneration of a duct system?

Y chromosome contains the sex determining region (SRY)

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SRY gene

codes for transcription factor (testis-determining factor)

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testis determining factor activates

-androgen receptors-> stimulates wolffian duct system

also mullerian inhibiting factor

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the mullerian inhibiting factor

-blocks the production of aromatase

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aromatase

Testosterone converted to estradiol

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week 8

the correct duct system is developed, but the external organs do not match

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what does the external genitalia contain (3)

phallus or genital tubule
2 urogential folds
2 labioscrotal folds

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phallus or gential tubule//male? female?

male->penis formation

female->clitoris

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urogenital folds// male? female?

male->urethra

female->labia minor and hymen

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labioscrotal folds//male? female?

male->scrotum

female->labia majora

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week 9

begin to show sexual differentiation

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week 12

distinctly male or female

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androgen insensitivity syndrome (2)

genetically male

- testosterone secreted, but the androgen receptors are absent

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scrotum

regulates temperature of the testis

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testes begin their development near the _____. and begins in weeks _____

kidney; 6-10

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gubernaculum (2)

extends from gonad to abdominopelvic scrotum

- guides testes to scrotum

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cremaster muscle

pulls testes close to body

dartos muscle

wrinkles skin reducing surface area of scrotum

what is responsible for the countercurrent heat exchange needed by the testes?

pampiniform plexus

pampiniform plexus (3)

- countercurrent heat exchanger cooles arterial blood entering testis - low flow rate - low O2 levels

___ divides testes into compartments containing the seminiferous tubules

septa

seminferous tubules

site of sperm production

lineage of sperm production (5)

spermatogonia->primary spermatocyte-> secondary spermatocyte->spermatids->sperm

sertoli cells (3)

- blood testes barrier - produce androgen binding protein - nurse cell

leydig cells (2)

- between seminiferous tubules | - produce androgen

cells that produce androgen (2)

- serotoli | - leydig

route sperm uses to exit the penis? (7)

seminiferous tubules->rete testis->efferent ductule->epididymis->vas deferens->ejaculartory duct->urethra

epididymis

site of sperm maturation and storage

accessory glands of the male reproductive system (3)

- seminal vesicle - bulbourethral gland - prostate gland

seminal vesicle (3)

- viscous yellow fluid - last fluid added to semen - 60% volume of semen

prostate gland (2)

- thin milky fluid | - 30% volume of semen

bulbourethral gland

produces alkaline (basic) secretion before ejaculation

semen is mostly composed of ?

- seminal vesicle fluid (60%) - sperm (10%) - prostatic fluid (30%)

other components of sperm (5)

- calcium phosphate ions - fructose and citrate - seminogelin - serine protease - prostaglandins

what allows the penis to erect? (2)

- corpus sponginosum | - corpus carvernosa

viagra blocks the enzyme _____ which break down ____

phosphodiesterases (PDE5); cGMP

male sexual response (4)

excitment->orgasm->resolution->refractory period

erection: | when ___, the arterial branches feeding the erectile tissues are ____, which constrict blood flow

flaccid; constricted

erection: during sexual arousal ____ nerves trigger the release of ___ ___ which stimulates the production of cGMP in smooth muscle

parasympathetic; nitric oxide

erection: | cGMP triggers the relaxation of ______ in the arteries and send blood to the erectile tissue

smooth muscle

erection: | what helps the penis maintain erection

filled veins from the tissues

excitement:_______:orgasm:_____

parasympathetic; sympathetic

orgasm contains 2 components what are they?

- emission | - expulsion

emission (3)

- peristalic contractions of smooth muscle - pushes sperm into the prostatic urethra - squeezes fluid seminal vesicles and prostate

expolusion

- powerful rhythmic contractions of ischocavernosa and bulbospongious muscles - pleasureable sensation (eleveated oxytocin)

ischocavernosus

stiffens the penis

bulbospongious

pushes the semen out of the urethra

resolution (2)

- blood flow to the penis slows | - follows after ejaculation

refractory period

period when you can attain second erection

mitosis produces

2 genetically identical daughter cell

meiosis produces

gametes

that is the importance of meiosis (2)

- reduce the chromosomal number in half | - introduces genetic variation

____ only undergoes mitosis

spermatogonium

sperm formation (2)

- takes 74 days | - begins around age 14

spermatogenesis (2)

- sperm formation | - occurs in the seminiferous tubules

spermiogenesis (2)

- spermatids->sperm | - is a mobile cell with 4 components

what are the 2 daughter cells produced from the spermatogonia?

type A:replacement for the spermatogonia via mitosis | type B: primary spermatocyte

Type B-> | How many chromosomes?

- spermatocyte | - forms the secondary spermatocyte (23 chromosomes)

Secondary spermatocyte-> | How many chromatids?

4 spermatids; 23 chromatids

all sperm undergoes ______

spermiogenesis

what are the 4 components of sperm?

- head (acrosomal cap;contains 23 chromatids) - neck (contain centrioles) - midpiece (contain mitochondria) - tail (flagella)

testosterone during puberty?adulthood?

puberty: enlargement of secondary organs, stimulates erythropoiesis adulthood: stimulates libido and spermatogenesis

gnRH (2)

- gonadotropin releasing hormone stimulates anterior pituitary to release FSH and LH - starts puberty

FSH

follicle stimulating hormone | -stimulates sertoli cells to produce androgen binding protein

luteinizing hormone | -stimulate Leydig cells to produce testosterone

testosterone inhibits?

gnRH release