Female Reproduction

Question 1

in the ovaries, the
cortex contains?
medulla?

Answer 1

cortex: ovarian follicles, not all in the same stage
medulla: blood vessels and nerves

Question 2

stages of follicular development (6)

Answer 2

primordial follicle-> primary follicle-> secondary follicle-> graafian follicle->corpus luteum->corpus albican

Question 3

uterine tube (3)

Answer 3

• fallopian tube
• thick layer of smooth ciliated muscle to help move oocyte
• has 3 regions (isthmus, ampulla, infundibulum)

Question 4

ampulla

Answer 4

site of fertilization

Question 5

fundus of the uterus

Answer 5

site of implantation

Question 6

cervical canal

Answer 6

contains cervical glands that secrete mucus plug

Question 7

layers of the uterine wall? (3)

Answer 7

• perimetrium
• myometrium
• endometrium

Question 8

myometrium

Answer 8

contains smooth muscle which is required to expel the embryo

Question 9

endometrium (3)

Answer 9

• undergoes cyclic changes in response to hormones
• contains gland to secrete uterine milk
• contains 2 layers

Question 10

what are the two layers of the endometrium?

Answer 10

• stratum basale (bottom)

- stratum functionalis (regrown every month)

Question 11

functions of the vagina (3)

Answer 11

• menstrual discharge
• receives semen during intercourse
• passageway for delivery

Question 12

why is the vagina acidic

Answer 12

there is stored glycogen that is converted to lactic acid via resident bacteria

Question 13

transudation of the vagina

Answer 13

vaginal lubrication due to sweating of the vaginal tissue engorged with blood

Question 14

inside the vestibule is (4)

Answer 14

• urinary orifices
• vaginal orifices
• clitoris
• vestibule gland (Bartholin)

Question 15

gnRH (2)

Answer 15

• triggers puberty

- stimulate the release of LH and FSH

Question 16

what are the stages of puberty in female reproduction?

Answer 16

• thelarche
• pubarche
• menarche

Question 17

thelarche (2)

Answer 17

first stage

• breast development
• induced by estrogen

Question 18

pubarche (3)

Answer 18

second stage

• growth of pubic and axillary hair
• increased activity of sebaceous and apocrine glands
• induced by androgen

Question 19

menarche (3)

Answer 19

third stage

• first menstrual period
• induced by estrogen and progesterone
• must have 17% body fat

Question 20

____ stimulates gnRH secretion during menarche

Answer 20

leptin

Question 21

climacteric=______

Answer 21

end of fertility

menopause

Question 22

menopause

Answer 22

cessation of the menstrual cycle due to low sex hormones levels

Question 23

what are the effects of drops in estrogen and progesterone? (4)

Answer 23

• mood change
• rise in cholesterol
• decline in bone mass
• shifting of hormones levels->hot flashes

Question 24

female and male germ cells arise from tissue within the ____

Answer 24

yolk sac

Question 25

oogonia divide by mitosis until the _______

Answer 25

fifth month

Question 26

oogensis stops when?

Answer 26

enters meiosis, but stops in prophase I

Question 27

primordial follicle

Answer 27

primary oocyte together with follicular cell

Question 28

granulosa cells

Answer 28

secrete estrogen and progesterone

Question 29

under the influence of ______, when does the primary oocyte complete meiosis I

Answer 29

LH

Question 30

ovulation

Answer 30

when the egg is pushed out of the ovary

Question 31

what are the 2 consecutive phases of the ovarian cycle?

Answer 31

- follicular phase | - luteal phase

Question 32

when do estrogen levels drop

Answer 32

after ovulation and was the corpus albican forms

Question 33

female sexual cycle consist of

Answer 33

ovarian cycle | menstrual cycle

Question 34

what are the stages of the menstrual cycle? (4)

Answer 34

- proliferative phase - secretory phase - premenstrual phase - menstrual phase

Question 35

what are the 2 consecutive phases of the ovarian cycle?

Answer 35

- follicular phase | - luteal phase

Question 36

when do estrogen levels drop

Answer 36

after ovulation and was the corpus albican forms

Question 37

female sexual cycle consist of

Answer 37

ovarian cycle | menstrual cycle

Question 38

what are the stages of the menstrual cycle? (4)

Answer 38

- proliferative phase - secretory phase - premenstrual phase - menstrual phase

Question 39

proliferative phase

Answer 39

period of rebuilding | -estrogen stimulates production of progesterone receptors

Question 40

secretory phase (2)

Answer 40

- starts after ovulation | - high progesterone->high glycogen secretion

Question 41

premenstrual phase (2)

Answer 41

- endometrial degeneration | - blood flow drops and tissue becomes necrotic

Question 42

menstrual phase (2)

Answer 42

- discharge of endometrial tissue | - contains fibrinolysin