Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Human Anatomy & Physiology 2 > Blood Vessels > Flashcards

Blood Vessels Flashcards

1
Q

arteries

A

away from the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

veins

A

toward the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

capillaries

A

site of exchange between arteries and veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

3 Layers of the blood vessel wall

A

tunica intima
tunica media
tunica externa/adventitia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

tunica intima (3)

A

inner layer
keeps clotting from occurring
simple squamous endothelium that is continuous with endocardium of the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

tunica media (2)

A

middle layer

usually thickest with smooth muscle for vasomotion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

tunica externa (2)

A

outermost layer

loose connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which lumen is largest, vein or artery? Why?

A

Vein because they are low resistance pathway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the 4 types of arteries?

A

conduction or elastic
distributing or muscular
resistance or arterioles
metarterioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

resistance//arterioles

A

control the amount of blood to various organs (vasocontrict or vasodilate)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

metarterioles

A

short vessels that connect arteries to capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

conducting//elastic (2)

A

pulmonary, aorta, and common carotid

expand and recoil to lessen fluctuation in blood pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

distributing//muscular

A

distributes blood to specific organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

3 types of capillaries?

A

continuous
fenestrated
sinusoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

continuous capillaries (2)

A

occur in most tissues

endothelial cells have tight junctions with intercellular clefts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

fenestrated capillaries (3)

A

kidneys and small intestines
organs that require rapid absorption or filtration
has filtration pores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

sinusoid capillaries (2)

A

liver, bone marrow, spleen

irregular blood filled spaces (allow proteins and blood cells to enter)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What do capillary beds consist of? (3)

A

metaterioles
thoroughfare channel
true capillaries w/ precapillary sphincter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

precapillary sphincters (2)

A

regulates the blood flow into the true capillaries

3/4 of them are closed at anytime

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what regulates the precapillary sphincters? (3)

A

autonomic nervous system
heat
local chemicals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

venous sinuses

A

a type of vein with thin walls and no smooth muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

veins (4)

A

lower blood pressure
thinner walls
expand easily
valves aid skeletal muscles in upward blood flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the capacitance of veins?

A

contain 75% of the total blood due to large lumen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What causes blood to be moved over to the arterial side from the venous side?

A

massive sympathetic stimulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is the classic route of the circulatory system?
heart->artery->arterioles->capillaries->venules-> veins
26
portal system
blood flow that goes through 2 consecutive capillary networks before entering the heart
27
What are the 3 portal systems in the body?
hypothalamus-anterior pituitary found in kidneys between intestines-liver
28
anastomoses
point where 2 blood vessels merge
29
arteriovenous anastomosis
artery flows directly into vein
30
venous anastomosis (2)
vein to vein | alternate drainage of organs
31
arterial anastomosis (2)
artery to artery | collateral circulation
32
hemodynamics (2)
distribution of blood within the cardiovascular system | distribution of the cardiac output within the different tissues
33
Distribution of blood is determined by (3)
blood flow blood pressure resistance
34
tissue blood flow? the total amount equals what?
amount of blood flowing per min | cardiac output
35
perfusion
rate of blood flow through a vessel per gram of tissue
36
What does flow determine?
the speed of nutrient delivery and waste removal
37
True or False, does each organ have its own value for flow? What is it defined as?
TRUE; percentage of the total flow or cardiac output
38
What are the 2 factors that determine blood flow?
blood pressure differences | resistance
39
blood pressure? what causes this?
the force exerted by blood against the blood vessel wall; the contraction of the heart generating a hydrostatic pressure that is conducted in all directions
40
in the systemic loop, the delta P is the pressure differnce between....
the start of the aorta and the right atrium (95mmHg to 5mmHg)
41
What are the 3 types of blood pressure?
arterial venous capillary
42
arterial blood flow
measured at brachial artery of the arm | is pulsatile
43
systolic pressure
BP during ventricular systole (contraction)
44
diastolic pressure
BP during ventricular diastole (relax)
45
normal blood pressure
120/75 mmHg in young adult
46
pulse pressure (3)
can be felt with finger systolic-diastolic important measure of stress exerted on arteries
47
MAP? what is the best estimate?
mean arterial pressure measurement taken at intervals of cardiac cycle (diastolic pressure + (1/3 of pulse pressure))
48
Where is the largest pressure drop?
in the arterioles
49
what is the importance of arterial elasticity? (3)
expansion and recoil maintains steady flow of blood throughout cardiac cycle smooths out pressure fluctuations decrease stress on small arteries
50
As BP rises with age; arteries become?
less distensible (recoil and elastic capability)
51
Why must capillary blood pressure be low? (3)
capillaries are fragile capillaries are permeable capillary flow rate is very low for nutrient exchange
52
What are the 2 mechanisms of venous return?
skeletal muscle pump in the limbs | thoracic pump
53
thoracic pump: during inhalation the thoracic cavity ______ which causes the BP to _____. The abdominal pressure _______ forcing blood ____
expands; decrease; increase; upward
54
resistance
any force that opposes movement
55
total peripheral resistance? where is most of the resistance?
the resistance that blood encounters as it travels through the circulatory system; on the arterial side
56
What are the resistance sources of blood flow? (3)
viscosity length radius
57
blood viscosity
thickness or stickness of blood | greater the thickness the greater the resistance
58
blood viscosity is due mainly to? (2)
erythrocytes | albumin
59
vessel length (2)
not used to regulate flow | the longer the vessel the greater the cumulative friction
60
blood vessel radius (2)
smaller the radius the greater the friction | is changed moment to moment
61
turbulence (2)
more of a pathological issue | normally blood flow is laminar (in layers)
62
bruit? murmur?
turbulence in a vessel; turbulence in the heart
63
what is the main purpose of the cardiovascular system?
to provide the tissues with the appropriate amount of nutrients & remove toxic waste
64
blood flow is regulated by (3)
changing the cardiac output modifying peripheral resistance modifying blood pressure
65
the goal of cardiovascular regulation is to alter (3)
flow at the appropriate time flow to the appropriate areas flow without drastically changing flow to vital organs (heart and brain)
66
What are the mechanisms used to regulate blood flow?
- local control or autoregulation - neural mechanism - endocrine mechanism
67
auto-regulation occurs within a ______ while __ ___ and ___ ___ remain ____.How does it work?
tissue; cardiac output; blood pressure;stable | -works by adjusting peripheral resistance (blood vessel radius) within a tissue
68
what are some local acting vasodilators (5)
- dropping O2 levels - rising CO2 levels - rising K levels - acid - heat
69
what are some local acting vasocontrictors (2)
- prostaglandin | - endothelin
70
how does heat increase flow for vasodilation?
relaxing the smooth muscle of the arterial walls and precapillary sphincters
71
During neural mechanism, the ___ has control of the CO and peripheral resistance. Where does this mechanism originate?
ANS | -medulla oblongata
72
What is the cardiovascular center contain? (2)
cardiac center | vasomotor center
73
the cardiac center regulates ____; while the vasomotor center regulates ___ ___ to control flow
cardiac output; peripheral resistance
74
vasocontriction neurons
sympathetic fibers that constrict smooth muscle of vessels; "close" them
75
vasorelaxation neurons
sympathetic fibers that relax vessels of the skeletal muscle; "open" them
76
baroreceptors; where are they found?
pressure receptors | aortic and carotid
77
when there is a drop in pressure what does this cause the baroceptors to do? (2) Overall?
-stimulate cardioaccelatory center->increase CO -stimulate vasocontriction center-> increase peripheral resistance overall it increases flow to vital tissues
78
when there is an increase in the pressure what does this cause the baroceptors to do? (2)
- inhibit cardioacceleratory center->decrease CO | - inhibit vasocontriction center-> decrease peripheral resistance
79
the chemoreceptors in the vasomotor center stimulate what when there is a drop in O2 and increase in CO2 and acid?
-stimulate cardioacceleratory & vasocontriction
80
consequences of edema? (4)
- tissue necrosis - pulmonary edema - cerebral edema - circulatory shock
81
hypoproteinemia
low protein in liver
82
which mechanism that regulates blood flow has both long and short term regulation?
endocrine
83
long term endocrine mechanism results from regulating?short term?
blood volume; peripheral resistance and CO

Human Anatomy & Physiology 2 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions