Male Fertility Flashcards

1
Q

Male Fertility: Structural

A

Defect of testes
* Undescended testes
* Testicular cancer
* Surgery or injury
* Ischaemic damage e.g., sickle cell anaemia.

Infections (STIs and post pubertal mumps) cause Damage to the testes or ejactulatory tract

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2
Q

Male Fertility: Hormonal issues

A
  • Hypogonadism
  • Obesity - aromatisation
  • Cushing syndrome - Increased cortisol
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3
Q

Male Fertility: Other conditions

A
  • Diabetes mellitus - neuropathy, neurogenic impotence, and retrograde ejaculation (= semen in bladder).
  • Haemochromatosis ― iron deposits in pituitary and gonads -> hypogonadism and androgen deficiency.
  • Scrotal varicocele blocked / enlarged veins = ↑ scrotal temperature = ↓sperm
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4
Q

Male Fertility: Environmental Factors

A
  • Drugs: sulfasalazine, anabolic steroids, chemo
  • Pesticides and endocrine disruptors .
  • Mobiles
  • Heavy metals (e.g., lead and mercury) and chemical toxins (e.g., BPA, phthalates)
  • Heat exposure
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