Male Fertility Flashcards
1
Q
Male Fertility: Structural
A
Defect of testes
* Undescended testes
* Testicular cancer
* Surgery or injury
* Ischaemic damage e.g., sickle cell anaemia.
Infections (STIs and post pubertal mumps) cause Damage to the testes or ejactulatory tract
2
Q
Male Fertility: Hormonal issues
A
- Hypogonadism
- Obesity - aromatisation
- Cushing syndrome - Increased cortisol
3
Q
Male Fertility: Other conditions
A
- Diabetes mellitus - neuropathy, neurogenic impotence, and retrograde ejaculation (= semen in bladder).
- Haemochromatosis ― iron deposits in pituitary and gonads -> hypogonadism and androgen deficiency.
- Scrotal varicocele blocked / enlarged veins = ↑ scrotal temperature = ↓sperm
4
Q
Male Fertility: Environmental Factors
A
- Drugs: sulfasalazine, anabolic steroids, chemo
- Pesticides and endocrine disruptors .
- Mobiles
- Heavy metals (e.g., lead and mercury) and chemical toxins (e.g., BPA, phthalates)
- Heat exposure