Male and Female Urogenital Triangle

Question 1

urethral catheterization

Answer 1

• to remove urine from a person who can’t pee
• to irrigate bladder
• obtain an uncontaminated sample of urine

Question 2

urethral sounds

Answer 2

slightly conical instruments for exploring and dilating a constricted urethra

Question 3

what must you consider when inserting a urethral catheter or sound in males?

Answer 3

curves of the male urethra - can be ruptured in the intermediate part

Question 4

urethral stricture cause

Answer 4

may be from eternal trauma of the penis or infection of urethra

Question 5

what is the narrowest and least distensible part of the urethra?

Answer 5

external urethral orifice

Question 6

orchitis

Answer 6

inflammation of the testes

Question 7

elephantiasis

Answer 7

parasitic disease that causes enlarged scrotum

Question 8

hypospadias

Answer 8

common congenital anomaly of penis - most common form = glanular hypospadias

Question 9

glanular hypospadias

Answer 9

external urethral orifice on ventral aspect of the glans penis

Question 10

penile hypospadias

Answer 10

external urethral orifice in body of penis

Question 11

peno-scrotal or scrotal hypospadias

Answer 11

external urethral orifice in the perineum

Question 12

what causes penile and penoscrotal hypospadias?

Answer 12

failure of the urogenital folds to fuse on the ventral surface of the penis

Question 13

phimosis

Answer 13

when prepuce fits tightly over glans and cannot be retracted easily

Question 14

smegma

Answer 14

oily secretions of cheesy consistency from modified sebaceous glands in the prepuce that accumulate in the preputial sac and cause irritation

Question 15

preputial sac

Answer 15

b/w the glans and prepuce

Question 16

paraphimosis

Answer 16

retraction of the prepuce over the glans penis constricts neck of glans so much that there is interference w/ drainage of blood and tissue fluid

Question 17

circumcision

Answer 17

surgical excision of the prepuce

Question 18

impotence

Answer 18

inability to obtain erection

Question 19

erectile dysfunction (ED)

Answer 19

may occur in the absence of a nerve insult - can be due to:

• hypothalamic and endocrine disorders -> reduced testosterone secretion
• failure of nerve fibers to stimulate erectile tissues
• blood vessels insufficiently responsive to autonomic stimulation

Question 20

female circumcision

Answer 20

removes prepuce of clitoris and usually part or all of clitoris and labia minora - erroneously thought to inhibit sexual arousal and gratification

Question 21

vulvar hematomas

Answer 21

localized collection of blood

Question 22

how can you get vulvar hematoma of the labia majora?

Answer 22

trauma to the highly vascular bulbs of the vestibule

Question 23

infection of the greater vestibular gland

Answer 23

• palpable when infected

- can occur due to occlusion of the vestibular gland duct

Question 24

what is the origin site of most vulvar adenocarcinomas?

Answer 24

greater vestibular glands

Question 25

Bartholinitis

Answer 25

inflammation of the greater vestibular (Bartholin) glands

Question 26

Bartholin gland cyst

Answer 26

occlusion of the vestibular gland duct without infection - instead accumulation of mucin

Question 27

ilio-inguinal nerve block

Answer 27

abolishes sensation from the anterior part of the perineum

Question 28

Kegel exercises

Answer 28

exercises for women to strengthen the usually underdeveloped perineal muscles

Question 29

vaginismus

Answer 29

psychosomatic gynecological disorder that presents w/ involuntary spasms of the perivaginal and levator ani muscles

• mild forms cause dyspareunia
• severe forms prevent vaginal entry

Question 30

dyspareunia

Answer 30

painful intercourse