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Anatomy - BB Exam 2 > Male and Female Internal Genital Organs > Flashcards

Male and Female Internal Genital Organs Flashcards

1
Q

deferentectomy

A

common method to sterilize males - ligation/excision of part of the ductus deferens through an incision in the superior part of the scrotum
-aka vasectomy

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2
Q

reversal of deferentectomy

A

successful in patients < 30 y/o and < 7 years postop - ends of sectioned ductus deferens are reattached under an operating microscope

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3
Q

if seminal gland abscesses rupture, where does pus go?

A

peritoneal cavity

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4
Q

benign hypertrophy of prostate (BHP)

A

enlarged prostate projects into urinary bladder and impedes urination by distorting the prostatis urethra

  • common cause of nocturia, dysuria, urgency
  • increased risk of bladder infections
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5
Q

nocturia

A

need to void during the night

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6
Q

dysuria

A

difficulty and/or pain during urination

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7
Q

urgency

A

sudden desire to void

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8
Q

TURP

A

transurethral resection of the prostate - all of part of prostate removed

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9
Q

radical prostectomy

A

entire prostate is removed along w/ the seminal glands, ejaculatory ducts, and terminal parts of the deferent ducts

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10
Q

why can infections of vagina/uterus/tubes sometimes result in peritonitis?

A

b/c the female genital tract communicates w/ the peritoneal cavity through the abdominal ostia of the uterine tubes

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11
Q

salpingitis

A

inflammation of a tube - may result from infections that spread from the peritoneal cavity

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12
Q

major cause of infertility in women

A

blockage of the uterine tubes, often from salpingitis

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13
Q

hysterosalpingography

A

radiographic procedure involving injection of water-soluble radiopaque material or CO2 into the uterus and tubes through the external os of the uterus - to determine patency of uterine tubes

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14
Q

hysteroscopy

A

examination of the interior of the tubes using a narrow hysteroscope introduced through vagina and uterus

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15
Q

ligation of the uterine tubes

A

surgical method of birth control

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16
Q

open abdominal tube ligation

A

performed through a short suprapubic incision made at the pubic hairline and involves interruption, often with removal of a segment, and tube closure by suture ligation

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17
Q

laparoscopic tubal ligation

A

fiber optic laparoscope inserted through a small incision near umbilicus - tubal continuity interrupted by applying cautery, rings, or clips

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18
Q

pyosalpinx

A

collections of pus in a uterine tube

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19
Q

most common type of ectopic gestation?

A

tubal pregnancy

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20
Q

what is ruptured tubal pregnancy often confused with?

A

appendicitis - due to close relationship of appendix and ovary/uterine tube on right side

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21
Q

sites of ectopic pregnancy

A
  • infundibular
  • tubal (ampullar)
  • tubal (isthmic)
  • abdominal
  • ovarian
  • interstitial
  • cervical
22
Q

epoophoron

A

forms from remnants of the mesonephric tubules of the mesonephros (transitory embryonic kidney)

23
Q

duct of the epoophoron (duct of Garter)

A

remnant of the mesonephric duct that forms the ductus deferens and ejaculatory duct in males

24
Q

vesicular appendage

A

attached to the infundibulum of the uterine tube - remains of the cranial end of the mesonephric duct that forms the ductus epididymis

25
Q

congenital anomalies of uterus

A
  • unicornate uterus (only receive one uterine duct)
  • bicornate uterus
  • double uterine cavities
  • completely doubled uterus
26
Q

what is completely doubled uterus called?

A

uterus didelphys

27
Q

what type of uterus is more likely to prolapse?

A

retroverted

28
Q

how can you determine the size and disposition of the uterus?

A

bimanual palpation

29
Q

Hegar sign

A

cervix feels separated from the body - due to softening of the uterine isthmus - early sign of pregnancy

30
Q

what is the most dynamic structure in the human body?

A

uterus

31
Q

prepartum

A

before childbirth

32
Q

postpartum

A

after childbirth

33
Q

growth of uterus/cervix throughout childhood

A
  • 2:1 ratio prepartum (due to maternal hormones)
  • 1:1 ratio several weeks postpartum
  • uterus grows rapidly during puberty back to adult proportions
34
Q

gravid uterus

A

pregnant uterus - expands greatly to accomodate fetus, becomes almost membranous

35
Q

immediately postpartum uterus

A

becomes thick-walled and edematous, but size reduces rapidly

36
Q

multiparous uterus

A
  • non-gravid uterus
  • large, nodular body
  • extends into lower abdominal cavity
  • often causes slight protrusion of the inferior abdominal wall in lean women
37
Q

menopause

A

-uterus decreases in size

38
Q

post-menopause

A

-uterus involuted and regressed to a smaller size - childhood proportions

39
Q

vaginal speculum

A

distention of vagina to inspect cervix

40
Q

manual pelvic exam

A

palpation of cervix, ischial spines, sacral promontory with gloved digits in the vagina and/or rectum

41
Q

when can urine enter the vagina?

A

vesicovaginal or urethrovaginal fistulas

42
Q

when can fecal matter enter the vagina?

A

rectovaginal fistula

43
Q

culdoscope

A

endoscopic instrument inserted through posterior part of vaginal fornix to examine ovaries or uterine tubes

44
Q

why has culdoscopy been replaced by laparascopy?

A
  • greater flexibility for operative procedures
  • better visualization of pelvic organs
  • less risk of bacterial contamination of peritoneal cavity
45
Q

culdocentesis

A

incision in posterior part of vaginal fornix

  • to drain a pelvic abscess in the recto-uterine pouch
  • to aspirate fluid in the peritoneal cavity
46
Q

endometriosis

A

presence of functioning endometrial tissue outside the uterus

47
Q

anesthesia for childbirth

A
  • general: mom unconscious through labor and delivery

- regional: mom conscious, just not as much pain

48
Q

spinal anesthesia

A

introduced w/ needle in the spinal subarachnoid space at L3-4 level - complete anesthesia inferior to waste level

49
Q

pudendal nerve block

A

peripheral nerve block - anesthesia over the S2-4 dermatomes and inferior quarter of vagina

50
Q

caudal epidural block

A

administered using an in-dwelling catheter in the sacral canal - anesthesia of S2-4 spinal nerve roots
-entire birth canal, pelvic floor, majority of perineum numb, but lower limbs not affected

Anatomy - BB Exam 2 (24 decks)

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