Clinical Correlation - Sunkel

Question 1

what are the three planes a fetus must contend with on it’s way out?

Answer 1

• pelvic inlet
• mid pelvis
• pelvis outlet

Question 2

culdocentesis

Answer 2

checks for abnormal fluid in the abdominal cavity behind the uterus
-used to play a big role in ectopic pregnancy diagnosis

Question 3

where does malignant transformation take place in the cervix?

Answer 3

at the junction of the epithelia types (squamar-columnar jxn)

Question 4

how do cancers of the two epithelium types of the cervix differ?

Answer 4

squamous - local invasion

glandular - hematogenous or lymphogenous spread

Question 5

where is the egg fertilized in the fallopian tube?

Answer 5

ampulla

Question 6

what artery/vein undergoes significant hypertrophy during pregnancy?

Answer 6

uterine - must be careful about hemorrhage, can be significant during pregnancy

Question 7

where is the ureter at risk during pelvic surgery?

Answer 7

• where it crosses internal iliac

- at the level where it crosses medial and posterior to internal iliac artery, where uterine artery comes off

Question 8

male homologue of the female labia majora?

Answer 8

scrotum

Question 9

what is sometimes associated with unicornuate uterus?

Answer 9

having only one kidney

Question 10

what is absence of vagina, cervix, and uterus called, when you have normal external genitalia?

Answer 10

Meyer-Rodinsky-______-______ syndrome

Question 11

what is at increased risk with bicornuate or unicornuate uterus?

Answer 11

-premature labor

Question 12

how can you diagnose mullerian anomalies?

Answer 12

usually MR

-ultrasound doesn’t necessarily help for resolving these but can be better with saline injection

Question 13

do prolapsed conditions generally cause severe pain?

Answer 13

no - but does cause uncomfortable feeling and pressure sensation
- women may say feels like they are sitting on a tennis ball