Anterior and Medial Regions of Thigh Flashcards
hip pointer
- contusion of the iliac crest -usually at the anterior part
- avulsion of bony muscle attachments (really an avulsion fracture)
contusions
cause bleeding from ruptured capillaries and infiltration of blood into the muscles, tendons, and other soft tissues
charley horse
- cramping of an individual thigh muscle due to ischemia
- contusion and rupture of blood vessels sufficient enough to form a hematoma
most common site of a thigh hematoma
quadriceps
what does a charley horse normally follow?
direct trauma
what may cause psoas abscess?
retroperitoneal pyogenic infection from:
- TB in vertebral column
- regional enteritis of the ileum (Crohn’s)
referred pain w/ psoas abscess
hip, thigh, or knee joint
effects of paralyzed quad muscles
- no leg extension against resistance
- presses against distal end of thigh during walking to prevent inadvertent flexion of knee joint
runner’s knee
chondromalacia patellae - soreness/aching around patella dua to quadriceps imbalance
what type of fracture occurs from blow to the knee or sudden contraction of quads?
transverse patellar fracture
- prox part pulled superiorly w/ quad tendon
- distal part remains w/ patellar ligament
bipartite or tripartite patella?
when centers of ossification of patella don’t fuse to form a single bone
how could you differentiate b/w a fracture and an ossification abnormality?
ossification abnormalities are almost always bilateral - get radiograph of both sides
patellar tendon reflex
myotatic reflex that usually causes the Pt to extend leg
-tests the integrity of femoral nerve and L2-4 spinal cord segments
what causes dimunition or absence of patellar tendon reflex?
any lesion that interrupts the innervation of the quadriceps
what muscle an be used for transplantation to replace damaged muscles? why? what is it used to replace?
gracilis - weak adductor, so can get by w/o much loss of movement
- used to replace damaged hand muscles
- removed from distal attachment and repositioned to become a new external anal sphincter
what muscles do groin pulls usually involve?
flexor and adductor thigh muscles
muscle strain often seen in horseback riders
adductor longus
palpation of the femoral pulse
midway b/w ASIS and pubic symphysis - normally a strong pulse
how can the femoral artery be used for coronary arteriography or cardiac angiography?
can be cannulated just inferior to the midpoint of the inguinal ligament
blood gas analysis
determination of O2 and CO2 concentrations and pressure with the pH of the blood
cruciate anastamosis
four-way common meeting of medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries w/ the inferior gluteal artery superiorly and the first perforating artery inferiorly, posterior to femur
what type of veins do most pulmonary emboli originate from?
deep veins
saphenous varix
localized dilation of the terminal part of the great saphenous vein - can cause edema in the femoral triangle
how can a saphenous varix be distinguished from a psoas abscess or other groin swellings?
saphenous varix will also show varicose veins in other parts of lower limb
what vein can sometimes be mistaken for the great saphenous vein in thin people?
femoral vein
site of femoral hernia
through the femoral ring into the femoral canal - can result in strangulation and necrosis of herniated bowel due to tight borders of this space
which sex are femoral hernias more common in and why?
females - wider pelves
what artery anomaly is sometimes found in replaced obturator artery or accessory obturator artery? significance?
enlarged pubic branch of the inferior epigastric artery - could be involved in a strangulated femoral hernia
