Kidneys, Ureters, and Suprarenal Glands Flashcards
palpation of kidneys
press the flank (side of trunk b/w 11th and 12th ribs and the iliac crest) anteriorly w/ one hand while palpating deeply at the costal margin with the other - left kidney usually not palpable
periphrenic abcess
pus around the kidney
ectopic kidney
congenital misplaced kidney
nephroptosis
dropped kidney - ureter of normal length that has loose coiling or kinks b/c the distance to the bladder has been reduced
what are reasons why transplanted kidneys are placed in one specific spot? what is that spot?
iliac fossa of greater pelvis
- lack of inferior support for kidneys in the lumbar region
- availability of major blood vessels
- convenient access to nearby bladder
what is renal transplantation used to treat?
chronic renal failure
how can you find renal cysts?
ultrasound examinations
polycystic kidney disease
kidneys markedly enlarged and distorted by cysts - autosomal dominant, important cause of renal failure
accessory renal vessels
failure of embryonic vessels to degenerate
polar arteries
accessory arteries that enter/exit the poles of the kidney
what might an inferior polar artery obstruct?
ureter
renal vein entrapment syndrome
mesoaortic compression of the left renal vein - aka nutcracker syndrome
- hematuria, proteinuria
- abdominal pain
- nausea and vomiting
- left testicular pain in men
bifid renal pelvis and ureter
result from division of the ureteric bud (metanephric diverticulum), the primordium of the renal pelvis and ureter
retrocaval ureter
leaves kidney and passes posterior to the IVC - rare
horseshoe kidney
inferior poles of the kidneys fuse together - U-shaped kidney that lies at level of L3-L5 b/c root of the interior mesenteric artery prevented normal relocation of kidneys
ectopic pelvic kidney
if am embryonic kidney fails to enter the abdomen and lies anterior to the sacrum
blood supply to pelvic kidneys
from aortic bifurcation or a common iliac artery
calculi
pebbles composed of salts of inorganic or organic acids or of other materials
renal calculus
kidney stone - may pass from kidney into renal pelvis and then to ureter
ureteric colic
severe intermittent pain of ureter
referred pain from kidney stones
from loin to groin - depending on where stone is as it travels
nephroscope
used to observe and remove ureteric calculi
-inserted through a small incision
lithotripsy
focuses a shockwave through the body that breaks the calculus into small fragments that pass with the urine
