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Psychology > Main studies in Sz > Flashcards

Main studies in Sz Flashcards

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1
Q

what is our classic study in clinical

A

Rosenhan

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2
Q

what is the aim of Rosenhan

A

demonstrate that psychiatrists are unable to distinguish the sane from the insane

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3
Q

what is the procedure of Rosenhan

A
  • 3 females and 5 males presented themselves at a psych ward complaining of the same thing.
  • happened over 5 states with 12 hospitals
  • they heard a same sex voice saying ‘thump’
  • once admitted that pseudo patients acted normally and had to try get themselves out.
  • they kept secret observation in a note book
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4
Q

what were the results of Rosenhan

A
  • all but 1 of the pseudo patients got diagnosed with Sz
  • the average stay was 19 days with the longest being 52 days.
  • many of the real patients had suspicions of them being false patients
  • ordinary behaviour shown was aspects of their supposed illness such as waiting in line.
  • patients were seen to be beaten
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5
Q

how is rosenhans study further supported

A

he then falsely claimed to hospitals they he will send pseudo patients in. in which clinicians wrongly assumed that some were pseudo patients

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6
Q

what is strengths of Rosenhans study

A
  • reliable as his later study further supported his findings.
  • he used a covert observation so findings are Riley to reflect the normal behaviour
  • lead to changes of the DSM making it more accurate.
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7
Q

weaknesses if Rosenhans study

A
  • pseudo patients may have only recorded negative encounters showing a bias.
  • this study is only reflective of US hospitals and not other countries. for example, sz does not exist in certain African countries.
  • had ethical harm as patients were subjected to abuse and had no way out.
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8
Q

what was our contemporary study in Sz

A

Carlsonn

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9
Q

what was the aims of Carlton

A
  • to review evidence for and against the dopamine hypothesis.
  • investigate the role of other neurotransmitters on Sz other than Dopamine.
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10
Q

what were some of the Main points of Carlsonn

A
  • a number of his studies used used PET scans to study neurotransmitters.
  • that it is unlikely that dopamine is the only neurotransmitter that is associates with Sz
  • glutamate in PCP has been found to induce Sz like symptoms
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11
Q

what is the role of glutamate and how does in induce Sz symptoms

A

affects the release of GABA, low levels seem to link to positive and negative symptoms

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12
Q

what are strengths of Carlsonn’s study

A
  • used lots of data, for example he used 33 studies to draw conclusions from.
  • used PET scans which increases reliability.
  • is ethical as it only reviews studies.
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13
Q

weaknesses of Carlsonn’s study

A
  • used secondary data, so Carlson cannot be certain of validity. however, he was a part of 14 of the 33 which increases validity.
  • many animal studies used so are not generalisable to humans
  • is still very reductionist.
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14
Q

what is our contemporary study in Depression

A

Williams et al

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15
Q

what was the aim of Williams et al

A

to investigate the effectiveness of 7 day internet delivers CBM as a stand alone intervention for depression.

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16
Q

what was the procedure of Williams et al

A
  • sample used 69 Pps, in which 38 did the intervention and 31 were in the wait list.
  • to measure depression they used various methods such as Becks depression test (BD II)
  • firstly the intervention group did the 7 day online CBM.
    -then all the patients undertook the primary measures again
  • then the intervention group did the 10 week CBT
  • all the patients again did the primary measures.
  • lastly the control group did the 10 week CBT.
17
Q

results of Williams et al

A

using Becks depression inventory,
intervention group went from 28 to 10 from initial test to after all treatments.
meanwhile the control group went from 28 to 20.5 after just their CBT.

18
Q

how long was the CBM for and duration of sessions

A

CBM was 7 40 minute sessions completed daily for a week.

19
Q

how long was the iCBT component of Williams

A

10 weeks with homework

20
Q

strengths of Williams et al

A
  • used various methods to measure depression levels so findings are more valid.
  • this has application to society as it shows that internet based CBT is just as effective as face to face.
21
Q

weaknesses of Williams et al

A
  • there was no active control group, such as no control group who undertook a different therapy.
  • self report scales were used to measure depression severity. therefore, this can be both influenced by demand characteristics and subjective to the Pps.
22
Q

what is the study for case studies in clinical

A

Lavarenne

23
Q

what was the aim of Lavarenne

A

how patients use group session to provide firm boundaries which give them support during their illness

24
Q

what was the procedure of Lavarenne

A
  • the sessions were never recorded but immediately after sessions the group leaders would not key points
  • report was on 6 patients known as the Thursday group who suffered from Sz.
  • key points noted down was the issue of fragile ego boundaries.
25
Q

what were results of Lavarenne

A

Brett - separated the world into blacks, whites and yellows as a way to for their to be structure in his fragmented world

26
Q

strengths of Lavarenne

A
  • had inter rater reliability as there was always more than one group leader in the sessions.
  • in depth data was written down giving greater understanding into patient dynamics.
  • it took place in the Pps natural environment.
27
Q

weaknesses of Lavarenne

A
  • lacked generalisability as the study only looked at 6 apps from a specific ward.
  • subjective data which relied on the interpretations of the groups leaders.
  • difficult to replicate as done in the field so findings cannot apply to everyone.
28
Q

what was our interview study

A

Goldstein

29
Q

what was the aim of Goldstein

A

to see if there is a gender difference in re hospitalisation rates of people with sz

30
Q

what was the procedure of Goldstein

A
  • the sample consisted of 199 men and women from NY
  • Pls were chosen on having a hospital diagnoses, between the ages of 18 and 45 and have no other issues regarding mental health
  • TRAINED INTERVIEWS were used to go over symptoms to check them with their diagnosis.
  • Goldstein also wanted to check age class, ethnicity and marital status.
  • this study took place over 10 years
31
Q

what were the results of Goldstein

A
  • Sz women were found to have lower re admission rates and had shorter stays in the 10 years
  • marital status and occupational status had an affect on length of stay
32
Q

strengths of Goldstein

A
  • she USED INTERVEWS to gather in depth detailed dat on the Pps, so she was able to explore issues.
  • had reliability, done in Germany and similar results were found
  • men and women were well matched on occupation status and martial status.
  • was longitudinal
33
Q

weaknesses of Goldstein

A
  • not generalisable as only used Pps from the psychiatric hospital of New York.
  • INTERVIEWER EFFECT, e.g how the interviewer asked the questions

Psychology (22 decks)

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