Main studies in Sz Flashcards
what is our classic study in clinical
Rosenhan
what is the aim of Rosenhan
demonstrate that psychiatrists are unable to distinguish the sane from the insane
what is the procedure of Rosenhan
- 3 females and 5 males presented themselves at a psych ward complaining of the same thing.
- happened over 5 states with 12 hospitals
- they heard a same sex voice saying ‘thump’
- once admitted that pseudo patients acted normally and had to try get themselves out.
- they kept secret observation in a note book
what were the results of Rosenhan
- all but 1 of the pseudo patients got diagnosed with Sz
- the average stay was 19 days with the longest being 52 days.
- many of the real patients had suspicions of them being false patients
- ordinary behaviour shown was aspects of their supposed illness such as waiting in line.
- patients were seen to be beaten
how is rosenhans study further supported
he then falsely claimed to hospitals they he will send pseudo patients in. in which clinicians wrongly assumed that some were pseudo patients
what is strengths of Rosenhans study
- reliable as his later study further supported his findings.
- he used a covert observation so findings are Riley to reflect the normal behaviour
- lead to changes of the DSM making it more accurate.
weaknesses if Rosenhans study
- pseudo patients may have only recorded negative encounters showing a bias.
- this study is only reflective of US hospitals and not other countries. for example, sz does not exist in certain African countries.
- had ethical harm as patients were subjected to abuse and had no way out.
what was our contemporary study in Sz
Carlsonn
what was the aims of Carlton
- to review evidence for and against the dopamine hypothesis.
- investigate the role of other neurotransmitters on Sz other than Dopamine.
what were some of the Main points of Carlsonn
- a number of his studies used used PET scans to study neurotransmitters.
- that it is unlikely that dopamine is the only neurotransmitter that is associates with Sz
- glutamate in PCP has been found to induce Sz like symptoms
what is the role of glutamate and how does in induce Sz symptoms
affects the release of GABA, low levels seem to link to positive and negative symptoms
what are strengths of Carlsonn’s study
- used lots of data, for example he used 33 studies to draw conclusions from.
- used PET scans which increases reliability.
- is ethical as it only reviews studies.
weaknesses of Carlsonn’s study
- used secondary data, so Carlson cannot be certain of validity. however, he was a part of 14 of the 33 which increases validity.
- many animal studies used so are not generalisable to humans
- is still very reductionist.
what is our contemporary study in Depression
Williams et al
what was the aim of Williams et al
to investigate the effectiveness of 7 day internet delivers CBM as a stand alone intervention for depression.
what was the procedure of Williams et al
- sample used 69 Pps, in which 38 did the intervention and 31 were in the wait list.
- to measure depression they used various methods such as Becks depression test (BD II)
- firstly the intervention group did the 7 day online CBM.
-then all the patients undertook the primary measures again - then the intervention group did the 10 week CBT
- all the patients again did the primary measures.
- lastly the control group did the 10 week CBT.
results of Williams et al
using Becks depression inventory,
intervention group went from 28 to 10 from initial test to after all treatments.
meanwhile the control group went from 28 to 20.5 after just their CBT.
how long was the CBM for and duration of sessions
CBM was 7 40 minute sessions completed daily for a week.
how long was the iCBT component of Williams
10 weeks with homework
strengths of Williams et al
- used various methods to measure depression levels so findings are more valid.
- this has application to society as it shows that internet based CBT is just as effective as face to face.
weaknesses of Williams et al
- there was no active control group, such as no control group who undertook a different therapy.
- self report scales were used to measure depression severity. therefore, this can be both influenced by demand characteristics and subjective to the Pps.
what is the study for case studies in clinical
Lavarenne
what was the aim of Lavarenne
how patients use group session to provide firm boundaries which give them support during their illness
what was the procedure of Lavarenne
- the sessions were never recorded but immediately after sessions the group leaders would not key points
- report was on 6 patients known as the Thursday group who suffered from Sz.
- key points noted down was the issue of fragile ego boundaries.
