Macromolecules Flashcards
What are the prefixes used to indicate how many molecules there are?
Mono-
Di-
Tri-
Oligo-
Poly-
What is dehydration synthesis?
Reaction when you join two molecules togethers. Produces water
What is hydrolysis?
Reaction when you break a molecule apart. Water is split.
What is the monomer of protein?
amino acid
What makes up an amino acid?
Amino group (-NH3)
Carboxyl (-COOH)
Hydrogen
R-group
What are the different R groups?
- Nonpolar, aliphatic R groups
- Polar, uncharged R groups
- Aromatic R groups
- Positively charged R groups
- Negatively charged R groups
What are stereoisomers?
D- and L- isomers that mirror images that are NOT superimposable
What is the difference between the beginning and end of protein sequence
Begging is amino terminus. Ending is carboxy terminus
What kind of bonding holds secondary structure of protein?
Hydrogen bonding
What stabilizes tertiary structure of protein?
van der Waals interactions, hydrogen bonding, salt bridges (ionic bond), and disulfide bond
What are the monomers of carbohydrates?
monosaccharides
What bond joins sugars together?
glycosidic bond
Which carbohydrates can be branched?
Cellulose, glycogen, dextran
What is the advantage of branched carbohydrates?
It is easier to store and it is faster to break down.
What is the monomer of nucleic acids?
nucleotides (sugar, phosphate group, nitrogenous base)
Purine vs Pyrimidine
Purine has a double ring: adenine and guanine
Pyrimidine has one ring: cytosine, thymine, uracil
Which nucleotides has a double bond? Triple Bond?
Thyine and Adenine has two bonds
Guanine and cytosine has three bonds
What bonds link nucleotides?
phosphodiester bond
What are the 3 major of RNA from DNA?
- Ribose sugar (-OH)
- Uracil
- Single-stranded
What are the groups of lipids?
- Fats
- Oils
- Waxes
- Steroids (cholesterol)
Which is the simplest of the lipids?
fatty acids: hydrocarbon tail with a carboxyl group
Fatty acids types
- Stearic acid (saturated)
- Oleic acid (cis unsaturated)
- Elaidic acid (trans unsaturated)
What is the storage form for fatty acids?
triglycerides, made from a backbone of glycerol
What bond joins fatty acids to glycerol?
ester bond
What is a phospholipid
Like a triglyceride, but instead of 3 FA it is 2 FA and 1 phosphate
