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BIOL 221 > Macromolecules > Flashcards

Macromolecules Flashcards

1
Q

What are the prefixes used to indicate how many molecules there are?

A

Mono-
Di-
Tri-
Oligo-
Poly-

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2
Q

What is dehydration synthesis?

A

Reaction when you join two molecules togethers. Produces water

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3
Q

What is hydrolysis?

A

Reaction when you break a molecule apart. Water is split.

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4
Q

What is the monomer of protein?

A

amino acid

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5
Q

What makes up an amino acid?

A

Amino group (-NH3)
Carboxyl (-COOH)
Hydrogen
R-group

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6
Q

What are the different R groups?

A
  1. Nonpolar, aliphatic R groups
  2. Polar, uncharged R groups
  3. Aromatic R groups
  4. Positively charged R groups
  5. Negatively charged R groups
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7
Q

What are stereoisomers?

A

D- and L- isomers that mirror images that are NOT superimposable

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8
Q

What is the difference between the beginning and end of protein sequence

A

Begging is amino terminus. Ending is carboxy terminus

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9
Q

What kind of bonding holds secondary structure of protein?

A

Hydrogen bonding

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10
Q

What stabilizes tertiary structure of protein?

A

van der Waals interactions, hydrogen bonding, salt bridges (ionic bond), and disulfide bond

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11
Q

What are the monomers of carbohydrates?

A

monosaccharides

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12
Q

What bond joins sugars together?

A

glycosidic bond

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13
Q

Which carbohydrates can be branched?

A

Cellulose, glycogen, dextran

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14
Q

What is the advantage of branched carbohydrates?

A

It is easier to store and it is faster to break down.

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15
Q

What is the monomer of nucleic acids?

A

nucleotides (sugar, phosphate group, nitrogenous base)

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16
Q

Purine vs Pyrimidine

A

Purine has a double ring: adenine and guanine
Pyrimidine has one ring: cytosine, thymine, uracil

17
Q

Which nucleotides has a double bond? Triple Bond?

A

Thyine and Adenine has two bonds
Guanine and cytosine has three bonds

18
Q

What bonds link nucleotides?

A

phosphodiester bond

19
Q

What are the 3 major of RNA from DNA?

A
  1. Ribose sugar (-OH)
  2. Uracil
  3. Single-stranded
20
Q

What are the groups of lipids?

A
  1. Fats
  2. Oils
  3. Waxes
  4. Steroids (cholesterol)
21
Q

Which is the simplest of the lipids?

A

fatty acids: hydrocarbon tail with a carboxyl group

22
Q

Fatty acids types

A
  1. Stearic acid (saturated)
  2. Oleic acid (cis unsaturated)
  3. Elaidic acid (trans unsaturated)
23
Q

What is the storage form for fatty acids?

A

triglycerides, made from a backbone of glycerol

24
Q

What bond joins fatty acids to glycerol?

A

ester bond

25
Q

What is a phospholipid

A

Like a triglyceride, but instead of 3 FA it is 2 FA and 1 phosphate

BIOL 221 (10 decks)

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