Lecture 36 - Blood and Lymphatic Infections Flashcards
What are the symptoms of Brucellosis in humans? Why is it rare?
Rare in humans because of milk pasteurization laws
Symptoms include chills and undulant fever
What are the symptoms of Brucellosis in animals?
Abortion storms in ungulates
What animals is Brucellosis found in?
goats, sheep, cattle
What two foods are commonly associated with listeriosis?
soft cheese and hot dogs
What are the symptoms of listeriosis in humans?
meningitis in old and immunocompromised
can also cause stillbirths
What are three typical presentation of botulism?
Foodborne, intestinal, and wound
What does the botulin toxin do?
It causes flaccid muscle paralysis because it prevents acetylcholine release
Infectious mononucleosis (“mono”) transmission and symptoms
Transmitted via saliva
A. Infects throat epithlelium which leads to pharyngitis
B. Travels to lymph nodes which causes lymph node swelling
C. fever
How does the monospot (heterophile antibody) test work?
test to see if patient serum agglutinates cow/horse RBCs
Why is physical activity not recommended with mono?
enlarged spleen can rupture
What is dangerous about West Nile virus?
Virus crosses blood-brain barrier and infects brain. Extensive damage causes death
Know the infectious cycle of the Rabies virus
Rabies transmitted between wild and domestic animals
Infected animal bits human
Human dies?
Why can you be vaccinated for Rabies after you have been infected?
because retrograde movement in peripheral nerves is so slow, you can vaccinate with HDCV after
What is the shape of the rabies virus and of Negri bodies?
Rabies virus is shaped like a bullet
Differentiate between the four causative agents of malaria
Plasmodium = P.
1. P. falciparum: most serious because sequestered in liver
2. P. vivax: common in travelers
3. P. ovale: “dormant” form
4. P. malariae: mildest form
Know the life cycle of the malaria parasite in humans
- mosquito injects sporozoite
- Sporozoite infects liver cells (produces merozoites)
- Merozoites enter rbc’s
- Schizont-derived merozoites enter new RBCs and lyse
- In some RBC, merozoites turn into gametocytes
Life cycle of malaria in mosquitos
- Gametocytes enter gut and emerge from RBC’s
- gametocytes turn into gametes
- Zygote enters gut wall and turn into ookinete
- Ookinete becomes oocyte
- Oocyte releases sporozoites
- Sporozoites migrate to salivary gland
Symptoms of malaria
fever, severe headache, joint pains
Chills and shivering repeats every day or two
Differentiate between quinine-based and artemisinin-based malaria treatment?
primoquine is effective against all stages
artemisinin is plant based and heme-activated
Most effective to give combined therapy
Know the results of the most successful efforts to develop a malaria vaccine
RTS,S/AS01: vaccine with adjuvant added
Ookinete-based: prevent mosquito from passing sporozoites
