Lecture 36 - Blood and Lymphatic Infections

Question 1

What are the symptoms of Brucellosis in humans? Why is it rare?

Answer 1

Rare in humans because of milk pasteurization laws
Symptoms include chills and undulant fever

Question 2

What are the symptoms of Brucellosis in animals?

Answer 2

Abortion storms in ungulates

Question 3

What animals is Brucellosis found in?

Answer 3

goats, sheep, cattle

Question 4

What two foods are commonly associated with listeriosis?

Answer 4

soft cheese and hot dogs

Question 5

What are the symptoms of listeriosis in humans?

Answer 5

meningitis in old and immunocompromised
can also cause stillbirths

Question 6

What are three typical presentation of botulism?

Answer 6

Foodborne, intestinal, and wound

Question 7

What does the botulin toxin do?

Answer 7

It causes flaccid muscle paralysis because it prevents acetylcholine release

Question 8

Infectious mononucleosis (“mono”) transmission and symptoms

Answer 8

Transmitted via saliva
A. Infects throat epithlelium which leads to pharyngitis
B. Travels to lymph nodes which causes lymph node swelling
C. fever

Question 9

How does the monospot (heterophile antibody) test work?

Answer 9

test to see if patient serum agglutinates cow/horse RBCs

Question 10

Why is physical activity not recommended with mono?

Answer 10

enlarged spleen can rupture

Question 11

What is dangerous about West Nile virus?

Answer 11

Virus crosses blood-brain barrier and infects brain. Extensive damage causes death

Question 12

Know the infectious cycle of the Rabies virus

Answer 12

Rabies transmitted between wild and domestic animals
Infected animal bits human
Human dies?

Question 13

Why can you be vaccinated for Rabies after you have been infected?

Answer 13

because retrograde movement in peripheral nerves is so slow, you can vaccinate with HDCV after

Question 14

What is the shape of the rabies virus and of Negri bodies?

Answer 14

Rabies virus is shaped like a bullet

Question 15

Differentiate between the four causative agents of malaria

Answer 15

Plasmodium = P.
1. P. falciparum: most serious because sequestered in liver
2. P. vivax: common in travelers
3. P. ovale: “dormant” form
4. P. malariae: mildest form

Question 16

Know the life cycle of the malaria parasite in humans

Answer 16

1. mosquito injects sporozoite
2. Sporozoite infects liver cells (produces merozoites)
3. Merozoites enter rbc’s
4. Schizont-derived merozoites enter new RBCs and lyse
5. In some RBC, merozoites turn into gametocytes

Question 17

Life cycle of malaria in mosquitos

Answer 17

1. Gametocytes enter gut and emerge from RBC’s
2. gametocytes turn into gametes
3. Zygote enters gut wall and turn into ookinete
4. Ookinete becomes oocyte
5. Oocyte releases sporozoites
6. Sporozoites migrate to salivary gland

Question 18

Symptoms of malaria

Answer 18

fever, severe headache, joint pains
Chills and shivering repeats every day or two

Question 19

Differentiate between quinine-based and artemisinin-based malaria treatment?

Answer 19

primoquine is effective against all stages
artemisinin is plant based and heme-activated
Most effective to give combined therapy

Question 20

Know the results of the most successful efforts to develop a malaria vaccine

Answer 20

RTS,S/AS01: vaccine with adjuvant added
Ookinete-based: prevent mosquito from passing sporozoites