Lecture 25 - Immunology Application Flashcards
What is the difference between natural and artificial immunity?
Natural: natural encounter
Artificial: deliberate exposure to unnatural event
What is the difference between active and passive immunity?
Active: Producing own Ig
Passive: Receive Ig
Examples of active and passive immunity
Active-Natural: natural exposure to infectious agent
Active-Artificial: immunization/vaccines
Passive-Natural: Maternal antibodies
Passive-Artificial: antibodies from other sources
Herd immunity
Herd immmunity is when enough people are immune that it cannot spread
allows the community to be protected even if there is less than 100% vaccine coverage
How is a live, attenuated vaccine made?
It is made with a weakened form of the infectious agent that does not produce disease but does grow in the body
Why is live-attenuated vaccine better?
triggers memory immunity
What is a toxoid vaccine?
vaccine using inactived toxin, not whole bacterium
What is subunit (acellular) vaccine?
vaccine with immunogenic protein(s) or PAMPs on the pathogen
What is polysaccharide vaccine?
vaccine with polysaccharide capsules
What is protein conjugate vaccine?
vaccine with polysaccharide linked to protein
Advantages of inactivated vaccines and live, attenuated vaccines.
Attenuated: better immune response, long-term protection, single dose, multiple routes of administration
Inactivated: no risk to immunocompromised, better stability
Edible vaccine
a type of oral vaccine that uses modified plants/animals
DNA/mRNA based vaccine can provide immunity without _______________________________
exposure to a disease agent
How can you determine disease agent that affected a patient?
Measuring antibody titer, or the concentration of antibodies in serum
Monoclonal antibody vs polyclonal antiserum
Monoclonal antibody: produced from a single B cell
Polyclonal antiserum: produced from whole blood serum
