Macrolides - antimicrobial

Question 1

MOA

Answer 1

Binds to ribosomes and inhibits transcription/translation

Question 2

Use indications

Answer 2

-Mainly Gram +ve, but also gram -ve (pastuerella)
- moderate efficiency against anaerobes
abscess, lungs, mastitis
*The macrolide play a major role in the treatment of BOVINE PNEUMONIA (BRD).
* crucial use in production animals
* rhodococcus

Question 3

Spp application

Answer 3

Production animals - registered in pigs, cattle

pigs, poultry

Question 4

Side effects/contraindications

Answer 4

gram -ve anaerobes are often resistant

• presents of food in stomach decreases absorption of erythromycin in most species
• too dangerous to use in horses because it annihilates GIT

Question 5

PK quirks

Answer 5

-macrolides have high Vd, lipophilic

weak bases traps the macrolide in acidic environments e.g. abscesses, necrotic tissue, mastitis, metritis lungs,

Question 6

Representative drugs

Answer 6

• Tylosin (gram +ve aeroic bacteria) - DOA 42 hours. CONCENTRATES IN MILK
• Tilmicosin (OH&S issue for operator)
• Azithromycin - concentrates in leucocytes huge Vd

Question 7

Bacteriostatic/cidal

time/concentration

Answer 7

bacteriostatic time dependant but is bactericidal at high concentrations