Antimicrobial - fluroquinolones

Question 1

What is the MOA?

Answer 1

Inhibits DNA gyrase

Question 2

What are indications of use for fluroquinolones?

Are they active against gram pos/neg?
aerobic or anaerobic?

Which bacteria?

Answer 2

Fluroquinolones are active against a range of gram +ve and gram -ve
Effective against gram positive and negative aerobes/anaerobes except gram -ve anaerobes

great for - Staph, PSEUDOMONAS, klebsiella, E.coli. Salomnella

used for sever infection of the skin, respiratory, urinary tracts, pyometra (from gram neg E.coli causing septicaemia)

Question 3

What is the species application of fluroquinolones?

Answer 3

can be used in virtually every species: birds, exotics etc

Question 4

Side effects/contraindications of fluroquinolones?

Answer 4

Arthropathy - can effect rapidly growing joint cartilage causing cartilage and tendon degeneration in growing animals

Question 5

Are there ant PK quirks

Answer 5

• low MIC for susceptible bacteria
• it is a synthetic antibiotic which is beneficial as it means they do not include DNA that encodes for resistance, unlike fungi.
• highly lipophilic (go everywhere drug) can penetrate in the brain
  kidneys, liver, lungs bones, joints, aqueous humor of the eye.
• Enrofloxacin is is broken down in the liver ti ciprofloxacin (targets gram -ve)
• eliminated by the kidney
  can be given orally
  -absorbed more efficient from the dog and cat GIT than the horse

Question 6

Representative drugs

Answer 6

enrofloxacin, orbifloxacine marbofloxacin. pradofloxacin (this drug is ineffective august anaerobes)

Question 7

What is this an important drug against?

Answer 7

gram negatives, staphylococcoccus app, including B-lactameses

However, fluroquinolones should be reserved for life treating cases. I.e cephalexin should be used as the first line drug for pyoderma.

Question 8

Is it bactericidal/bacterial static?

It is time or concentration dependant?

Answer 8

Bactericidal

concentration dependant