Anti-emetics: dogs that prevent vomiting

Question 1

indictions

Answer 1

Canine parvovirus, pancreatitis, chemotherapy

Prevent loss of water/electrolytes and pain

Question 2

Metoclopramide
what are its central and peripheral MOA?
what is its DOA?
should you exceed recommended dose?

Answer 2

Central action -dopamine antagonist at CTZ
peripheral action - weak upper GIY pro kinetic effect (thus GIT obstruction must be rules out before giving)

DOA = short unto 6 hours

DO NOT exceed recommended dose as it can cause derangement in cats, aggression in dogs. Tardive dyskinesia (repetitive, involutry movement)

Question 3

Maropitant
MOA?
indications?
DOA?

Answer 3

neurokinin -1 (substance P antagonist)
use in chemotherapy, parvovirus
DOA = long, so give SID
(so muncher longer DOA than metoclopramid. The long DOA means you don’t know if the problem is fixed)

Question 4

prochlorperazine

Answer 4

causes sedation

use when vomiting is refractory to metaclopramide

Question 5

Ondansetron

Answer 5

5HT3 antagonist
use in animals refractive to prochloperazine
(used in people undergoing chemo because it ha a long half life)

Question 6

Anti emetics fir motion sickness

Answer 6

ACh is the neurotransmitter at the vomiting centre

older antihistamines can cross the BBB and have an anticholinergeric activity e.g. dimenhydrinate

Can use Acepromazine which can be used to stop travel sickness, it lasts 6-8 hrs