Aminoglycosodies - antimicrobial

Question 1

MOA

Answer 1

targets ribosomes and inhibits transcription/translation

Question 2

-cidal vs static?

concentration/time?

Answer 2

bactericidal, concentration dependant

Question 3

PK quirks

Answer 3

Synergistic with use of B-lactems
B-lactems = +ve anaerobes
Aminoglycodises = -ve aerobes
Hydrophilic  - poor PO absorption so give parentally 
Short half life (2-5 hrs)

Question 4

Representative drugs

Answer 4

Gentamicin - main example
Amikacin - off label for use in expensive horses
Neomycin - horses, cattle, sheep, pig, dog and cat

Question 5

Use indications

Answer 5

Gram -ve (eg E.coli, enterobacter, klebsiella)
also kills S. aureus

• highly effective against aerobes because the mechanism to get into the cell is oxygen dependant

Question 6

Side effects/contraindications

Answer 6

• not affective against anaerobes
• avoid food producing animals (long WHP)
• vestibular ototoxicty, nephrotoxic - can only give treatment for a max of 5 days –> ahminoglycosides accumulate in the cells of the kidney and inner ear by pinocytosis
• don’t give to prenant animals as it can cross the placenta and cause nephrotoxity/ototoxicity
• Elimination is via the kidneys so any decrease in renal function can prolong plasma half-life and increase risk of toxicity

Question 7

Spp application

Answer 7

horse