M9 - Ketone Bodies

Question 1

Ketone bodies provide a ____ cellular fuel

Answer 1

Fasting

Question 2

Fasting:
Hepatic ____ provides KB
-Striated muscle and brain can use KB

Answer 2

Ketogenesis

Question 3

Hepatic ketogenesis

Answer 3

1. Adipose lipolysis releases FA
2. Liver takes up FA and synthesizes acetyl CoA
3. Ketogenesis uses acetyl CoA to synthesize ketone bodies

Question 4

AcAc and bHB are ____ ketone bodies (KB) in plasma; acetone is an ____ KB

Answer 4

-acidic
-exhaled

Question 5

Glucagon ___ adipose lipolysis to release FA

Answer 5

Glucagon ↑ adipose lipolysis to release FA

Question 6

Glucagon ___ hepatic FA synthesis

Answer 6

Glucagon ↓ hepatic FA synthesis

Question 7

↑ _____ drives ketogenesis

Answer 7

Acetyl CoA via ↑ b oxidation

Question 8

MUSCLE: Ketolysis begins by ≈ ___ day of fasting

Answer 8

1 day

Question 9

Muscle capillary endothelia are ____ to ketone bodies

Answer 9

Freely permeable

Question 10

Muscle is also using ___ for cellular fuel during fasting

Answer 10

Fatty acids

Question 11

BRAIN: Ketolysis begins by ≈ ____ days of fasting

Answer 11

3 days

Question 12

Ketone bodies (KB) require ____ to cross blood brain barrier endothelial cells

Answer 12

Transporters

Question 13

KB use rises for ≈ __ days and plateaus at ≈ __ weeks

Answer 13

10 days

2 weeks

At 2 weeks, KBs are providing ≈ 2/3 of ATP