M8 - Lipids

Question 1

Fatty Acids

Answer 1

-energy-rich cellular fuel with a storage problem (at the high concentrations needed to storeadequate fuel, FA could damage cell membranes)
-easily transported across cell membrane

Question 2

TG

Answer 2

efficient and safe storage form within normal range, cannot be directly transported through membrane = need lipoprotein

Question 3

• Amphipathic lipids form the surface while hydrophobic lipids form the oily core
• The TG-rich ones to know are ___

Answer 3

o Chylomicrons (made and secreted by enterocytes)
o VLDL (made and secreted by hepatocytes)

Question 4

FA synthesis

Answer 4

-Glycolysis and PDH generate mitochondrial acetyl CoA
-converted into cytosolic acetyl CoA (some citrate from TCA cycle shuttles back to cytosol and is converted into acetyl CoA via ATP citrate lyase)
-does FA synthesis

Question 5

FA Regulation
-insulin signaling _____ FA synthesis
-glucagon signaling ____ FA synthesis

Answer 5

-increases
-decreases

Question 6

TG synthesis

Answer 6

-Glycolysis provides precursor for synthesis of glycerol-3-phosphate
-Acetyltransferases bind acyl CoAs to G3P

Question 7

TG Regulation via ____, ____

Answer 7

Regulated by G3P and acyl CoA

Question 8

Excess TG =

Answer 8

steatosis and obesity
-insulin resistance, inflammation, fatty liver disease

Question 9

adipose lipase

Answer 9

insulin blocks and glucagon stimulates

Question 10

Low G:I (fed) ___ FA and TG synthesis in liver

Answer 10

increases

Question 11

High G:I (fasting) ___ FA to mitochondria in liver

Answer 11

delivers