m5 + 6 lab - muscle anatomy, strength, fatigue, reflexes

Question 1

what are the spinal nerves used for simple stretch reflexes?

Answer 1

biceps tendon - C5
brachioradialis - C6
triceps tendon - C7
patellar tendon - L4/L5
achilles tendon - S1

Question 2

what does the efferent pathway do?

Answer 2

carry info from the CNS to the body

Question 3

efferent pathway?

Answer 3

1) somatic motor cortex (frontal lobe)
2) brainstem
3) spinal cord
4) motor neuron
5) effector (proprioceptors here)
6) back to spinal cord
7) cerebellum
modifies signal to produce - coordination + strength regulation
8) back to brain stem

Question 4

what are the types of muscle fiber types?

Answer 4

1) red - type I
2) white - type II
3) pink - hybrid

Question 5

what are aspects of red muscle fibers (type I)?

Answer 5

• slow twitch
• small
• slow
• low force
• very high endurance
• aerobic respiration –> lots of mitochondria
• store myoglobin (O2)
  slow oxidative

ex.) at least 30 minutes HR higher than 100 bpm

Question 6

what are some aspects of white muscle fibers (type II)?

Answer 6

• fast twitch
• large
• fast
• strong
• low endurance
• anaerobic respiration –> few mitochondria
• store glycogen
  ** fast glycolytic**

ex.) strength training, sprinting

Question 7

what are some examples of pink muscle fibers (hybrid)?

Answer 7

• developed thru training
• large
• fast
• strong
• good endurance
• use both aerobic + anaerobic respiration –> have some mitochondria
• have myoglobin + glycogen
  fast oxidative

ex.) HIIT

Question 8

what does the frontalis muscle do?

Answer 8

raise eyebrows

Question 9

what does the orbicularis oculi muscle do?

Answer 9

close your eye - blink

Question 10

what does the orbicularis oris do?

Answer 10

close mouth - pucker lips

Question 11

what does the masseter do?

Answer 11

chewing - eating

Question 12

what does the buccinator do?

Answer 12

chewing - sucks

Question 13

what does the sternocleidomastoid do (SCM)?

Answer 13

rotates head

Question 14

what does the pectoralis major do?

Answer 14

adduct arm

Question 15

what does the rectus abdominus do?

Answer 15

flexes torso

Question 16

what does the trapezius do?

Answer 16

shrug shoulders - extends neck

Question 17

what does the latissimus dorsi do?

Answer 17

extends arm + adducts arm - swim + pull-ups

Question 18

what do the intercostals do?

Answer 18

aid in breathing

Question 19

what does the deltoid do?

Answer 19

flexes + extends arm, abducts arm

Question 20

what does the triceps brachii do?

Answer 20

extends elbow

Question 21

what does the biceps brachii do?

Answer 21

flexes elbow

Question 22

what does the brachioradialis do?

Answer 22

flex elbow - supinate hand

Question 23

what does the sartorius do?

Answer 23

crosses legs

Question 24

what does the tensor fascia lata do?

Answer 24

flexes hip - abduct hip

Question 25

what does the rectus femoris, vastus medialis + vastus lateralis do? (quadriceps femoris)

Answer 25

extend knee

Question 26

what does the gluteus maximus do?

Answer 26

extend hip

Question 27

what does the gluteus medius do?

Answer 27

extend hip - abducts hip

Question 28

what does the biceps femoris, semitendinosus, + semimembranosus do? (back of leg)

Answer 28

flexes knee

Question 29

what does the gastrocnemius do?

Answer 29

plantarflexion

Question 30

what does the tibialis anterior do?

Answer 30

dorsiflexion

Question 31

what are the IM injection sites?

Answer 31

• vastus lateralis
• deltoid
• gluteus medius