m5 + 6 lab - muscle anatomy, strength, fatigue, reflexes Flashcards
what are the spinal nerves used for simple stretch reflexes?
biceps tendon - C5
brachioradialis - C6
triceps tendon - C7
patellar tendon - L4/L5
achilles tendon - S1
what does the efferent pathway do?
carry info from the CNS to the body
efferent pathway?
1) somatic motor cortex (frontal lobe)
2) brainstem
3) spinal cord
4) motor neuron
5) effector (proprioceptors here)
6) back to spinal cord
7) cerebellum
modifies signal to produce - coordination + strength regulation
8) back to brain stem
what are the types of muscle fiber types?
1) red - type I
2) white - type II
3) pink - hybrid
what are aspects of red muscle fibers (type I)?
- slow twitch
- small
- slow
- low force
- very high endurance
- aerobic respiration –> lots of mitochondria
- store myoglobin (O2)
slow oxidative
ex.) at least 30 minutes HR higher than 100 bpm
what are some aspects of white muscle fibers (type II)?
- fast twitch
- large
- fast
- strong
- low endurance
- anaerobic respiration –> few mitochondria
- store glycogen
** fast glycolytic**
ex.) strength training, sprinting
what are some examples of pink muscle fibers (hybrid)?
- developed thru training
- large
- fast
- strong
- good endurance
- use both aerobic + anaerobic respiration –> have some mitochondria
- have myoglobin + glycogen
fast oxidative
ex.) HIIT
what does the frontalis muscle do?
raise eyebrows
what does the orbicularis oculi muscle do?
close your eye - blink
what does the orbicularis oris do?
close mouth - pucker lips
what does the masseter do?
chewing - eating
what does the buccinator do?
chewing - sucks
what does the sternocleidomastoid do (SCM)?
rotates head
what does the pectoralis major do?
adduct arm
what does the rectus abdominus do?
flexes torso
what does the trapezius do?
shrug shoulders - extends neck
what does the latissimus dorsi do?
extends arm + adducts arm - swim + pull-ups
what do the intercostals do?
aid in breathing
what does the deltoid do?
flexes + extends arm, abducts arm
what does the triceps brachii do?
extends elbow
what does the biceps brachii do?
flexes elbow
what does the brachioradialis do?
flex elbow - supinate hand
what does the sartorius do?
crosses legs
what does the tensor fascia lata do?
flexes hip - abduct hip
what does the rectus femoris, vastus medialis + vastus lateralis do? (quadriceps femoris)
extend knee
what does the gluteus maximus do?
extend hip
what does the gluteus medius do?
extend hip - abducts hip
what does the biceps femoris, semitendinosus, + semimembranosus do? (back of leg)
flexes knee
what does the gastrocnemius do?
plantarflexion
what does the tibialis anterior do?
dorsiflexion
what are the IM injection sites?
- vastus lateralis
- deltoid
- gluteus medius
