m3 + 4 lab - brain/cranial nerve review

Question 1

what does the reticular formation do?

Answer 1

• determines conscious state (awake or asleep)
• is suppressed under melatonin (or anesthesia)

Question 2

cranial nerve 1

Answer 2

olfactory - smell
test: smelling

Question 3

cranial nerve 2

Answer 3

optic - vision
test: eye chart, color, peripheral vision

Question 4

cranial nerve 3

Answer 4

oculomotor - eye movement
test: open + move eye,
PERRLA meaning Pupils Equally Round Reactive to Light Accommodation

can be affected by opiates - constrict pupil
alcohol + cocaine - dilates pupils

Question 5

cranial nerve 4

Answer 5

trochlear - eye movement
test: moving eyes

Question 6

cranial nerve 5

Answer 6

trigeminal - facial expressions
test: touch face (forehead, face, jaw)
bite down, clench jaw (masseter muscle)

Question 7

cranial nerve 6

Answer 7

abducens - eye movement
test: moving eyes

Question 8

cranial nerve 7

Answer 8

facial - facial expression, taste, saliva
test: smiling, forehead moving

ex.) condition Bell’s Palsy - facial paralysis

Question 9

cranial nerve 8

Answer 9

vestibulocochlear - hearing, balance
test: walking in straight line

Question 10

cranial nerve 9

Answer 10

glossopharyngeal - taste, swallowing
test: gag reflex

Question 11

cranial nerve 10

Answer 11

vagus - swallowing, connecting to organs
test: listening to bowel movements w/ stethoscope

Question 12

cranial nerve 11

Answer 12

accessory - SCM - sternocleidomastoid, trapezius
test: rotate head, shrug shoulder

Question 13

cranial nerve 12

Answer 13

hypoglossal - tongue movement
test: speech “T” sound, stick tongue out (straight or deviates)

Question 14

how many spinal nerves?

Answer 14

31 nerve pairs

Question 15

how many cranial nerves?

Answer 15

12 nerve pairs

Question 16

reflex arc?

Answer 16

1) receptor
2) sensory neuron
3) interneuron
4) motor neuron
5) effector

Question 17

what are the effector examples?

Answer 17

muscle - skeletal, smooth, cardiac
glands - something in mouth = salivation

Question 18

what is parallel processing?

Answer 18

thinking and formation of memory through reflex arc

Question 19

what is serial processing?

Answer 19

• unconscious, involuntary activity

Question 20

what does using a reflex hammer to C5 do?

Answer 20

• make the biceps twitch

Question 21

what does using a reflex hammer to C7 do?

Answer 21

• make triceps twitch

Question 22

what does using a reflex hammer to L4 + L5 do?

Answer 22

make quads twitch - knee extends outward

Question 23

what does using a reflex hammer to S1 do?

Answer 23

makes gastrocnemius twitch - foot moves

Question 24

what indicates a lower motor neuron lesion (LMNL)?

Answer 24

no response = flaccid (hypoactive)
PNS lesion

Question 25

what indicates a upper motor neuron lesion (UMNL)?

Answer 25

hyperactive - spastic
CNS lesion