m11 + 12 lab - respiratory system Flashcards
what is another name for the pharyngeal tonsil?
the adenoids (a lymph node)
what is the true vocal cord called?
the vocal fold
what is the false vocal cord called?
the vestibular fold
what do the nasal conchae do?
- increase surface area for mucus
- nose hair is here
what does mucus do?
1) cleans air - nose hairs
2) traps debris aka bacteria
3) warms air - cilia lining the mucus membranes move mucus back to the pharynx
what color are the pulmonary arteries?
blue
what color are the pulmonary veins?
red
what is the most common cause for lung infections?
- aspiration
- m/c in R lower lung
what is the pleura? and what does it do?
fluid surrounding the lungs
- decreases friction
- creates negative pressure (intrapleural pressure) - is like a suction
—-> keeps lungs stuck to ribcage + diaphragm
***essential for inhalation
what does the parietal pleura line?
lines ribs and diaphragm
what does the visceral pleura line?
covers the lungs
what is a collapsed lung called?
atelectasis
- bc of blood, fluid, or air
what is the smooth muscle layer in the bronchioles?
muscularis
- helps w/ airflow
where is there no cartilage in the lungs?
in the bronchioles
- terminal bronchiole
- respiratory bronchiole
- alveolar duct
what is hypernea?
breathing while exercising
what is vital capacity (VC)?
all exchangeable air in one giant breath
males = 4,800 mL
females = 3,100mL
what is the residual volume (RV)?
air left in the passageways (bronchioles + bronchi)
males = 1,200
females = 1,100
what is the total lung capacity (TLC)?
males = 6,000 mL
females = 4,200 mL
what is eupnea?
12-20 breathes/min = 500 mL/breathe = tidal volume
what is dead space (DS)?
approx. the weight of the patient
what is alveolar ventilation rate (AVR)?
- refers to the volume of air that actually reaches the alveoli (the gas exchange units in the lungs) per minute
- measuring how much air is available for oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange in the lungs
what is the equation for AVR?
RR x (TV - DS)
example
14 x (500 - 125)
14 x 375
AVR = 5.25 L/min
what is the job of the sinuses?
to make mucus
