m3 + 4 lab - brain review/reflexes

Question 1

what 3 layers make up the meninges?

Answer 1

• pia mater (innermost)
• arachnoid mater (fibrous layer + holds CSF)
• dura mater (outermost)

Question 2

what produces CSF?

Answer 2

capillaries in the choroid plexus

Question 3

CSF flows through where?

Answer 3

-ventricles (hollow cavities)
- choroid plexus (capillaries)

Question 4

main parts of the brain?

Answer 4

• cerebrum
• corpus callosum
• diencephalon
• brain stem
• cerebellum

Question 5

what are some aspects of the cerebrum?

Answer 5

• wrinkly covering area of brain
• 80% of the brain
• conscious activity
  -2 halves (hemispheres)
  —-outer gray mater (unmyelinated)
  —-inner white mater (myelinated)

Question 6

corpus callosum?

Answer 6

connection between hemispheres

Question 7

the diencephalon is made up of what parts?

Answer 7

• thalamus
• hypothalamus
• pineal gland

Question 8

what makes up the brainstem?

Answer 8

• midbrain
• pons
• medulla oblongata

Question 9

what is the frontal lobe responsible for?

Answer 9

• personality
• reasoning
  -all voluntary activity
• thinking

Question 10

what is the parietal lobe (somatosensory cortex) responsible for?

Answer 10

body sensations
- pain
-touch

Question 11

what is the occipital lobe responsible for?

Answer 11

vision

Question 12

what is the temporal lope responsible for?

Answer 12

• hearing (auditory)
• some taste

Question 13

what is the cerebellum responsible for?

Answer 13

• coordinates all voluntary activity - works w/ proprioceptors
• balance

Question 14

what is the insular lobe responsible for?

Answer 14

• organ awareness
• taste

Question 15

what does the thalamus do?

Answer 15

“relay center”
- gives priority to some info and represses others
- helps focus
- projects info. to designated area

Question 16

what does the hypothalamus do?

Answer 16

• emotional center
• autonomic center –> homeostasis
• smell and temp.

Question 17

what does the pons do?

Answer 17

• initiates urination
• regulates breathing

Question 18

what does the medulla oblongata do?

Answer 18

control vitals (focuses on oxygen delivery)
- BP
- RR
- HR

Question 19

what does the pineal gland do?

Answer 19

produces melatonin

Question 20

which cranial nerve reflex does PERRLA test?

Answer 20

CN 3 (occulomotor)

Question 21

which cranial nerve does the Blink Reflex test?

Answer 21

CN 5 (trigeminal)

Question 22

which cranial nerve tests the salivary reflex?

Answer 22

CN 7 (facial) and CN 9 (glossopharyngeal)

Question 23

which cranial nerve tests the gag reflex?

Answer 23

CN 9 (glossopharyngeal)

Question 24

which cranial nerve reflex tests swallowing?

Answer 24

CN 9 (glossopharyngeal)
CN 10 (vagus)

Question 25

pathway of the reflex arc?

Answer 25

1) receptors
2) sensory neuron
3) interneuron
4) motor neuron
5) effector

Question 26

what happens in parallel processing?

Answer 26

learning and the formation of a memory from the reflex arc

Question 27

the Babinski’s reflex

Answer 27

-checks for damage to the CNS (lesions)
negative sign —> toes curl
positive sign —> toes flare and the big toe dorsi-flexes (only normal if less than 2 y.o.)

Question 28

what are the spinal nerves?

Answer 28

motor + sensory fibers (31 pairs)

Question 29

what is the ventral root?

Answer 29

a motor neuron pathway

Question 30

what is the dorsal root?

Answer 30

a sensory neuron pathway

Question 31

which nerves would be damaged to be a spinal cord injury?

Answer 31

• any from the medulla oblongata to L1
• below L1 is just nerve - NOT spinal cord