m3 + 4 lab - brain review/reflexes Flashcards
what 3 layers make up the meninges?
- pia mater (innermost)
- arachnoid mater (fibrous layer + holds CSF)
- dura mater (outermost)
what produces CSF?
capillaries in the choroid plexus
CSF flows through where?
-ventricles (hollow cavities)
- choroid plexus (capillaries)
main parts of the brain?
- cerebrum
- corpus callosum
- diencephalon
- brain stem
- cerebellum
what are some aspects of the cerebrum?
- wrinkly covering area of brain
- 80% of the brain
- conscious activity
-2 halves (hemispheres)
—-outer gray mater (unmyelinated)
—-inner white mater (myelinated)
corpus callosum?
connection between hemispheres
the diencephalon is made up of what parts?
- thalamus
- hypothalamus
- pineal gland
what makes up the brainstem?
- midbrain
- pons
- medulla oblongata
what is the frontal lobe responsible for?
- personality
- reasoning
-all voluntary activity - thinking
what is the parietal lobe (somatosensory cortex) responsible for?
body sensations
- pain
-touch
what is the occipital lobe responsible for?
vision
what is the temporal lope responsible for?
- hearing (auditory)
- some taste
what is the cerebellum responsible for?
- coordinates all voluntary activity - works w/ proprioceptors
- balance
what is the insular lobe responsible for?
- organ awareness
- taste
what does the thalamus do?
“relay center”
- gives priority to some info and represses others
- helps focus
- projects info. to designated area
what does the hypothalamus do?
- emotional center
- autonomic center –> homeostasis
- smell and temp.
what does the pons do?
- initiates urination
- regulates breathing
what does the medulla oblongata do?
control vitals (focuses on oxygen delivery)
- BP
- RR
- HR
what does the pineal gland do?
produces melatonin
which cranial nerve reflex does PERRLA test?
CN 3 (occulomotor)
which cranial nerve does the Blink Reflex test?
CN 5 (trigeminal)
which cranial nerve tests the salivary reflex?
CN 7 (facial) and CN 9 (glossopharyngeal)
which cranial nerve tests the gag reflex?
CN 9 (glossopharyngeal)
which cranial nerve reflex tests swallowing?
CN 9 (glossopharyngeal)
CN 10 (vagus)
pathway of the reflex arc?
1) receptors
2) sensory neuron
3) interneuron
4) motor neuron
5) effector
what happens in parallel processing?
learning and the formation of a memory from the reflex arc
the Babinski’s reflex
-checks for damage to the CNS (lesions)
negative sign —> toes curl
positive sign —> toes flare and the big toe dorsi-flexes (only normal if less than 2 y.o.)
what are the spinal nerves?
motor + sensory fibers (31 pairs)
what is the ventral root?
a motor neuron pathway
what is the dorsal root?
a sensory neuron pathway
which nerves would be damaged to be a spinal cord injury?
- any from the medulla oblongata to L1
- below L1 is just nerve - NOT spinal cord
