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Virology > M2-Picornaviridae > Flashcards

M2-Picornaviridae Flashcards

1
Q

What Baltimore group are Picornaviridae in?

A

Group 4: (+)ssRNA

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2
Q

True or false: Picornaviridae are enveloped viruses

A

FALSE
-non-enveloped

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3
Q

How do viruses in Picornaviridae family get out of cells?

A

Cell Lysis

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4
Q

Are viruses in Picornaviridae family environmentally stable?

A

Yes
-non-enveloped
-can live in GI tract/harsh environments

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5
Q

What are pathogens in Picornaviridae

A

-Poliovirus
-Rhinovirus
-Hepatitis A
-Coxsackieviruses
-Enterovirus
-Foot and mouth disease
-Norovirus

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6
Q

True or false: Most poliovirus infections are symptomatic

A

False
-most are asymptomatic
-poliovirus enters the nervous system around 1% of the time

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7
Q

What is the normal route of Poliovirus and which route does it take for pathogenesis

A

Oral to fecal route
-goes off target to brain and meninges which causes paralysis

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8
Q

What did rising concern and public fear of poliovirus lead to?

A

Two vaccines:
-Salk vaccine
-Sabin vaccine

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9
Q

What are the main differences between the Salk and Sabin poliovirus vaccine?

A

Salk:
-Inactivated/killed virus
-does not induce antibodies at natural route of infection (intestine/GI)
-needs to be injected
-no chance of reactivation
Sabin:
-live attenuated
-natural route of infection
-Given orally
-Small chance of reactivation

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10
Q

True or false: Picornaviruses are non-enveloped lytic viruses

A

True
-Can release 10^5 viruses per infected cell

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11
Q

Instead of a cap at the 5’ end what do Picornaviruses have?

A

-IRES
-Vpg

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12
Q

True or false: These viruses degrade eIF4E to block host translation

A

True

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13
Q

Where does replication occur?

A

Replication occurs at cytoplasm and membranes

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14
Q

What are some things we learned from studying Picornaviruses?

A

-1st animal virus discovered (foot & mouth disease)
-1st evidence of RNA dep RNA pol
-Polyprotein & cleaved by protease
-IRES mediated cap independent translation
-Vaccine research
-Evolution of RNA viruses

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15
Q

What is error catastrophe?

A

Ribavirin will bind which pushes virus over error threshold
-a way to inhibit virus
-leads to mutations–>high error freq

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16
Q

What does R0 measure?

A

How many people a single infected person will infect

17
Q

What does it mean when R0 > 1?

A

Epidemic continues

18
Q

What does it mean when R0 < 1?

A

Epidemic dies out

19
Q

What are 2 ways to reduce R0?

A
  1. # if contacts in a given time –>Encounter less people
  2. Transmission probability per contact –> reduce transmission
20
Q

How to calculate R0?

A

(# of contacts in a given time) x (Transmission probability per contact) x (duration of infection)

21
Q

What is the basis of herd immunity?

A

Effective R

22
Q

What is Effective R?

A

Tells us how much of the population needs to be vaccinated
-needs to equal 1

23
Q

How to calculate Effective R?

A

R0 x Fraction of susceptible population

24
Q

What is one way to reduce the effective R?

A

Vaccinate people
-reduce the # of people who have never seen a virus

25
Q

True or false: All vaccines have an effective vaccine rate

A

False
-not all vaccines are effective, people could get the vaccine and still not reach the desired % rate

26
Q

What is forward genetics?

A

Mutating the virus, looking for a phenotype change and sequencing the virus

27
Q

What is reverse genetics?

A

Make specific individual mutations and test whether it makes a given phenotype

28
Q

Which Baltimore group of RNA viruses do you think will be easiest to do reverse genetics on?

A

Group 4–> (+)ssRNA
-b/c all we need is an RNA

29
Q

What are the 5 types of different vaccines and Covid 19 vaccine example?

A

1.Whole Inactivated –>sinovac
2. Recombinant –>Novavax
3. Live attenuated –>none
4. mRNA vaccines –> Moderna and Pfizer
5. Viral Vector vaccines–>Astrazeneca & J&J

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