M2-Pathogenesis Flashcards
What is viral pathogenesis?
The process by which viruses infect and cause disease in a host
What are the 3 types of viral pathogenesis?
- Direct virus killing
- Viral Toxins
- Immunopathology
What are Direct virus killing methods?
-cytotoxic effects
-induction of cell death
-Lysis during viral release
What are viral toxins methods?
-Secreted or shed viral proteins that directly damage host cells or trigger immunopathology
What are immunopathology methods?
-Overreaction or inappropriate immune responses
-cytokine storm
-complement
-antibodies, T-cells
What is a cytokine storm?
-Uncontrolled/excessive release of pro-inflammatory cytokines
-comes from infectious & non-infectious causes
-can lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), multi organ failure, hyperinflammation syndrome, and death
How does the endothelial barrier protect against viral pathogens?
Maintains permeability
What happens if there is too much permeability in the endothelial barrier?
Vascular leak
What are the 2 types of Dengue fever and symptoms?
Dengue Fever
-high fever
-muscle/bone pain
-retro orbital pain
-fatigue
-rash
-nausea/vomiting
Dengue Hemorrhagic fever/Dengue Shock Syndrome
-increased fluid leakage
-low platelet count
-hemorrhagic manifestations
-increases cytokines
-shock from low blood volume
What is DENV NS1
Dengue virus non-structural 1 protein
-secreted by infected cells found on cell surface
-as NS1 increases so does disease severity
How does Ebola do pathogenesis?
Sheds a glycoprotein that is a viral toxin which leads to vascular leak
What kind of immune response does an influenza infection
Innate immune response
What does the blood brain barrier do?
Maintains the brain as an immune privileged site
What are the 3 way viruses can pass the blood brain barrier?
- Direct crossing
- Trojan horse
- Immune response
Several viral disease is often driven by?
Immunopathogenesis
