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Virology > Lecture 2 > Flashcards

Lecture 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What 2 things does a virus need to be classified as a virus?

A
  1. Nucleic acid
  2. Capsid
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2
Q

What 2 things does a capsid do?

A
  1. Protects nucleic acid from degradation
  2. Has receptors that allow virus to bind and attach
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3
Q

What is an envelope made of?

A

Lipids

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4
Q

What are 2 things the envelopes do?

A

2nd layer of protection
1. protects nucleocapsid from environment
2. masks virus by looking like a self membrane

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5
Q

Where does the envelope come from?

A

It buds off from the host membrane along with host proteins
-this is why it the body recognizes it as self

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6
Q

What are the purpose of transmembrane proteins

A
  1. bind receptors to cell surface
  2. Fuses cellular and viral membranes–>lets nucleocapsid release into cytoplasm
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7
Q

What are the main differences between non-enveloped and enveloped viruses

A

Non-enveloped:
-are more stable than enveloped
-only has nucleic acid genome and protein capsid
-common in bacteria and plant viruses
Enveloped:
-less stable–>bilayer falls apart in harsh environments
-has nucleic acid, protein capsid, lipid envelope
-common in animal viruses

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8
Q

How do viruses contain/encapsulate their nucleic acid?

A

Use of repeated symmetric subunits

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9
Q

What are the 2 types of capsid symmetry?

A
  1. Icoshaedral
  2. Helical
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10
Q

What kind of capsid symmetry should be used if proteins are irregularly shaped and are not large enough to form 1 face?

A

Icosahedral

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11
Q

What kind of capsid symmetry should be used for negative stranded RNA viruses and need to be lengthened/shortened depending on genome

A

Helical

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12
Q

What type of capsid is the Tobacco Mosaic virus?

A

Helical

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13
Q

What are some of methods for determining viral structures

A
  1. ELectron microscopy–>whole capsids
  2. X ray crystallography–>individual proteins
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14
Q

What 3 ways are viruses classified?

A
  1. Species
  2. Genus
  3. Family
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15
Q

What do all viruses require to make proteins

A

mRNA and host ribosomes

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16
Q

What is Group 1 (Baltimore classification)

A

Double stranded DNA viruses

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17
Q

What is Group 2 (Baltimore classification)

A

Single stranded DNA viruses

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18
Q

What is Group 3 (Baltimore classification)

A

Double stranded RNA

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19
Q

What is Group 4 (Baltimore classification)

A

(+) Single stranded RNA

20
Q

What is Group 5 (Baltimore classification)

A

(-) Single stranded RNA

21
Q

What is Group 6 (Baltimore classification)

A

(+) Single stranded RNA w/ DNA intermdiate (Retrovirus)

22
Q

What is Group 7 (Baltimore classification)

A

Double stranded DNA with RNA intermediate

23
Q

Group 1: dsDNA characteristics

A

-Replicates in the nucleus
-genome is very stable
-most diverse sizes
-circular or linear genomes

24
Q

What viruses are in Group 1

A

-Adenovirus
-Papilomavirus
-Polyomavirus
-Poxvirus
-Herpesvirus

25
Q

Group 2: ssDNA

A

-replicates in nucleus
-small circular genomes
-non-enveloped
-genome potentially unstable

26
Q

What viruses are in Group 2?

A

Paroviruses and Adeno-associated virus

27
Q

Group 3: dsRNA characteristics

A

-NEEDS to bring their own RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
-segmented
-all icosahedral
-genome stable

28
Q

What viruses are in Group 3?

A

Rotavirus

29
Q

Group 4: (+) ssRNA

A

-can make proteins right away
-replicates in cytoplasm
-Encodes but does not need to bring in their own RNA-dependent RNA pol
-genome unstable
-most plants

30
Q

What viruses are in Group 4

A

-SARS-COV-2
-Dengue
-Yellow fever
-Zika
-Poliovirus
-Chikungunya
-Norovirus

31
Q

Group 5: (-)ssRNA

A

-segmented & non segmented
-NEED to bring in their own RNA-dependent RNA pol
-Genome unstable
-replicate in cytoplasm except influenza

32
Q

What viruses are in Group 5

A

-Influenza
-Measles
-Rabies
-Ebola
-Lassa
-Nipah
-Hendra

33
Q

Group 6: (+)ssRNA w/ DNA intermediate (retroviruses)

A

-BRING THEIR OWN RNA DEPENDENT DNA POL (REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE)
-RNA genome is unstable but integrated DNA is stable
-DNA must integrate into host–.stays forever

34
Q

What viruses are in Group 6

A

-HIV1
-T-lymphotrophic virus (HTLV)

35
Q

Group 7 dsDNA w/ RNA intermediate

A

-BRING THEIR OWN RNA DEPENDENT DNA POL (REVERSE TRNASCRIPTASE)
-package in DNA form
-RNA genome is unstable, packaged DNA is stable

36
Q

What viruses are in Group 7

A

Hepatitis B

37
Q

How do we define a species

A

-high genome/nucleic acid similarity between diff viruses
- viruses have same host range and infect same tissues
-2 diff viruses can come into contact w/ each other/recombine

38
Q

What defines a genus

A

-share similar genome and structure
-can have different hosts and what tissues they infect
-likely not coming in contact with/recombining

39
Q

What defines a family

A

-evolutionary related but different
-overall same genome organization and structure
-have very different hosts and gene content
-very different genomes

40
Q

How might we know if 2 viruses are in the same species?

A

If immune system thinks different viruses are the same
-same immune response

41
Q

What is the species, genus, and family for the disease: Smallpox

A

Species: Variola virus
Genus: Orthopoxvirus
Family: Poxviridae

42
Q

What is the species, genus, and family for the disease: Roseola

A

Species: Human betaherpesvirus 6A
Genus: Roseolovirus
Family: Herpesviridae

43
Q

What is the species, genus, and family for the disease: COVID-19

A

Species: SARS-COV-2
Genus: Betacoronavirus
Family: Coronaviridae

44
Q

What is the species, genus, and family for the disease: AIDS/HIV

A

Species: HIV-1
Genus: Lentivirus
Family: Retroviridae

45
Q

What is the species, genus, and family for the disease: Rabies

A

Species: Rabies virus
Genus: Lyssavirus
Family: Rhabdoviridae

Virology (19 decks)

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