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Virology > M2-Coronaviridae > Flashcards

M2-Coronaviridae Flashcards

1
Q

What group are Coronaviridae in?

A

Group 4–>(+)ssRNA

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2
Q

Are Coronaviridae enveloped or non-enveloped?

A

Enveloped

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3
Q

What are the pathogens of Coronaviridae?

A

-Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)
-Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS)
-common cold

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4
Q

What is the reservoirs for SARS corona virus?

A

Bats/civet cats

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5
Q

What is the reservoir for MERS corona virus?

A

Camels

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6
Q

Does SARS or MERS have a higher fatality?

A

MERS

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7
Q

Which SARS or MERS spreads human to human well?

A

SARS
-MERS has a high fatality so it doesn’t spread well

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8
Q

Why does SARS-CoV-2 spread more widely than SARS even though their R0 values are similar?

A

-Longer incubation period
-More Asymptomatic cases–>people spread virus w/out knowing
-No social distancing/quarantine
-Did not learn lesson from first SARS outbreak

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9
Q

What is the viral envelope protein and host receptor for coronavirus?

A

-Viral envelope protein: Spike protein
-Host receptor: ACE2

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10
Q

If a human gets covid can it reinfect the bat?

A

No spike protein will not fit bat ACE2 only human ACE2

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11
Q

True or false: Coronaviridae do not make a polyprotein and do not use proteases

A

False
-Make a polyprotein that is cleaved by proteases

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12
Q

True or false: Coronaviridae can make more than 1 mRNA

A

True

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13
Q

What are the 3 major differences between Togaviridae and Coronaviridae subgenomic RNAs?

A
  1. Togaviridae only make 1 subgenomic RNA while coronaviridae makes multiple
  2. Togaviridae makes subgenomic RNA during (+) strand synthesis makes whole genome or subgenomic and Corona makes it during (-)strand synthesis
  3. Corona makes subgenomic during discontinuous transcription
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14
Q

What kind of shape do coronavirus virions have?

A

Helical

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15
Q

Where do Coronaviridae replicate?

A

Replicate on membrane–Endoplasmic reticulum

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16
Q

What other family replicates on Endoplasmic Reticulum like Coronaviridae does?

A

Flaviviridae and Togaviridae

17
Q

Because Coronaviruses are huge what is a unique capability that they have?

A

Encodes a subunit of polymerase that has PROOFREADING CAPABILITY

18
Q

What would happen if we could inhibit Coronavirus proofreading capability?

A

If Coronavirus had no proofreading capability than it could make enough mutations to push it over error threshold & stop replication

19
Q

If we were going to target the viral life cycle what are 2 potential targets?

A
  1. RNA polymerase
  2. Protease
20
Q

What does paxlovid target?

A

3CL protease for COVID

21
Q

HIV and HCV have cocktails that target polymerase inhibitor, why do they use a cocktail?

A

-Viruses can evolve, but a cocktail targets many things at once so it is hard for the virus to evolve

22
Q

What are some host targets for drugs?

A

-Spike protein
-TMPRSS2 (host protease)

23
Q

What is an advantage and disadvantage for targeting host instead of virus?

A

Advantage: We won’t evolve
Disadvantage: Targets humans

24
Q

What can antiviral cytokines activate

A

Innate and adaptive immune response

25
Q

True or false: Anti-inflammatory drugs can dampen pathogenesis from viral infection

A

True

26
Q

What are the differences between Picornaviridae, Flaviviridae, Togaviridae, and Coronaviridae for structural & non-structural protein expression

A

-Picorna and Flavi are inefficient since they express non-structural/structural proteins at the same time and level
-Togaviridae–>structural proteins expressed at same level but at a diff level than non-structural
-Coronaviridae–>structural proteins can be expressed at different levels b/c each one is on a diff transcript

27
Q

What proteins do you expect the structual proteins and non-structural proteins to make

A

Structural: Nucleocapsids
Non-structural: RNA polymerase

28
Q

How does coronavirus make multiple subgenomic RNA

A

Discontinuous transcription
-every time it sees a TRS sequence it hops to 5’ end and repeats process for however many TRS sequences there are

29
Q

What is an advantage to discontinuous transcription

A

-all have same 5’ end don’t have to encode it
-polymerase can transcribe efficiently

Virology (19 decks)

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