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Block 2 > M1: Patterns of Disease and Occurrences > Flashcards

M1: Patterns of Disease and Occurrences Flashcards

1
Q

Reveals the patterns of Disease using its mortality information

A

Descriptive studies

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2
Q

These 3 comprise the epidemiologic triad

A
  1. Agent
  2. Host
  3. Environment
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3
Q

In an ideal setting, these 2 must balance each other out in the epidemiologic triad

A

Agent and Host

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4
Q

How the 3 epidemiologic triad interact

A

Agent (External) affects host (Who is susceptible) and the environment allow the disease to occur

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5
Q

These 3 comprise the Triad

A
  1. Person
  2. Place
  3. Time
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6
Q

4 How does the triad affect the disease? Or the person place and time factor?

A

(ABLE)

  1. Access to care
  2. Behavior
  3. Lifestyle
  4. Exposure
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7
Q

Refers to WHO is being affected in the Triad

A

Person

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8
Q

10 How is a PERSON affected by disease?

A

(BATH 2R 3S M)

  1. Age
  2. Blood Type
  3. Habits
  4. Marital state
  5. Race
  6. Religion
  7. Sex
  8. Social Class
  9. Specific immunity
  10. Traits
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9
Q

Is the main contributor to most health related outcomes

A

Age

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10
Q

5 What affects mortality as age progress?

A

(WE HIM)

  1. Exposure
  2. Hormones
  3. Immune defense
  4. Mutations
  5. Wear and tear of genes
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11
Q

4 How is gender/SEX affected by disease?

A

(3H 1L)

  1. Hazards
  2. Health care
  3. Hormones
  4. Lifestyle
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12
Q

Which gender has higher mortality rates

A

Males

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13
Q

Which gender has higher morbidity rates

A

Females

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14
Q

These are people, nation of the same stock

A

Race and Ethnic group

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15
Q

What age group of mothers had the highest in the United states in 1990 and 2004?

A

40 and over

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16
Q

Highest type of cancer that is predominant in males of all races

A

Prostate

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17
Q

Highest type of cancer that is predominant in females of all races

A

Breast

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18
Q

Highest race who are affected by TB in the US in 2013

A

Asians

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19
Q

Lowest race who are affected by TB in the US in 2013

A

Pacific Islanders and Native Americans

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20
Q

Rank the 3 population subgroups on 3 related dimensions

A

(PWP)

  1. Prestige
  2. Wealth
  3. Power
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21
Q

Wealth according to Max Weber

A

Value of economic assets

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22
Q

Prestige according to Max Weber

A

How people regard others base on status

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23
Q

Power according to max Weber

A

How one achieve their goals despite opposition from others

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24
Q

5 Composite measure of Social class

A

(I LORE)

  1. Income
  2. Lifestyle
  3. Occupation
  4. Residence
  5. Education
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25
Q

Highest race who are affected by Mental Illness in the US in 2010

A

Multiracial

26
Q

Lowest race who are affected by Mental Illness in the US in 2010

A

Asians

27
Q

3 What constitutes poverty?

A

(3Ps)

  1. Poor service
  2. Poor Health
  3. Poor Environment
28
Q

Acts as a surrogate for socioeconomic status. Can also be used in place for physical energy expenditure

A

Occupation

29
Q

4 Hazards that can affect people with occupations

A

(SCAB)

  1. Skin cancer (Farmers)
  2. Cervical cancer (Sea farers)
  3. Asbestos (Construction)
  4. Back pain and Wrist (Call center)
30
Q

4 How is marital status affected by disease?

A

(FPS L)

  1. Factors in marriage
  2. Pregnancy, childbearing
  3. Support system
  4. Lifestyle
31
Q

4 Death rate ranking in marital status

A

(Don’t Worry SM)

  1. Divorced
  2. Widowed
  3. Single
  4. Married
32
Q

5 How does place matter when a person is inflicted by a disease

A
  1. Distance
  2. Proximity
  3. Residence
  4. Sources
  5. Work
33
Q

2 Types of Boundaries

A
  1. Natural

2. Political

34
Q

3 Environmental conditions in a place

A

(SPEc)

  1. Sociocultural
  2. Physical
  3. Ecological
35
Q

4 Reasons for (variations) in disease spread in different places

A

(GEN-C)

  1. Cluster of people
  2. Gene-environment interaction
  3. Environment and climate
  4. Naturally occurring
36
Q

4 considerations when (Analyzing disease rates)

A

(A, E, I, O)

  1. Animals
  2. Ethnicity
  3. Immigrants
  4. Out migrants
37
Q

Indicates WHEN the problem is occurring, the incidence of the disease was greatest and health was most severe

A

Time

38
Q

4 (specificity of time) in dealing with disease

A

(MICE)

  1. Milestone
  2. Introduction to new medication
  3. Calendar time
  4. Exposure time
39
Q

Sharp increase in disease frequency within hours, days or weeks

A

Short term changes/epidemic

40
Q

Could be due to almost simultaneous exposure to a single source

A

Short term changes/epidemic

41
Q

Spread of disease where it show waves at intervals corresponding to incubation period

A

Short term changes/epidemic

42
Q

What do waves represent in a graph during a Short term changes/epidemic

A

Secondary cases

43
Q

What is otherwise known for the (single source from where a disease originated) during a Short term changes/epidemic

A

Point Source

44
Q

Spread of disease where it could encompass several decades

A

Secular changes/ Long periods

45
Q

7 Possible reasons for trends in a (Secular change/ long periods)

A
  1. Completeness of data
  2. Change in diagnosis
  3. Change in Classification
  4. Change in population
  5. Change in environment
  6. Natural history of disease
  7. Improvement or deterioration of the prognosis over time
46
Q

Recurrent changes in disease frequency

A

Cyclical changes/Repetitive

47
Q

3 (seasonal variations) in (Cyclical changes) of disease

A

(Fr-e-VR)

  1. Vectors
  2. Recreational activities
  3. Fruits in season
48
Q

2 (B)iological variation in Cyclical changes of disease

A
  1. Diurnal variations

2. Measles

49
Q

1 (s)ociological variation in in Cyclical changes of disease

A
  1. Suicides
50
Q

represents this way of conceptualizing causality

A

Rothman Causal Pie

51
Q

What do letter in the Rothman casual pie indicate?

A

Necessary Cause

52
Q

What do the pie slice indicate in Rothman’s casual pie?

A

Risk factors

53
Q

Other word for risk factor/Slice of pie

A

Component cause

54
Q

Indicates the whole pie (a causal pathway)

A

Sufficient cause

55
Q

A slice seen in every pie or pathway

A

Necessary pathway

56
Q

A Theory where clear finding that for many diseases, a number of factor contribute to causation

A

Theory of Causation

57
Q

Some factors were (essential) for the development of the disease

A

Necessary Cause

58
Q

Some increase the risk of developing the disease

A

Component Cause

59
Q

6 (Theory of causation) that apply for Lung cancer

A

(DE EGGS)

  1. Smoking
  2. Genetics
  3. Gender
  4. Ethnicity
  5. Diet
  6. Environmental carcinogens
60
Q

(Necessary Cause) that apply for Lung cancer

A
  1. 1st hand smoker
  2. sedentary
  3. family history of cancer
61
Q

(Component cause) that apply for lung cancer

A
  1. male
  2. occupation exposure
  3. family history

Block 2 (12 decks)

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