M1: Demography Flashcards
The study of human populations - their size,
composition, distribution and the causes &
consequences of changes in these characteristics
Demography
A branch of statistics that studies births, marriages, deaths, incidence of disease that illustrates the changes in human populations. Both qualitative and quantitative
Demography
3 human phenomena
(DisCo Pop)
- population Size
- Composition of the population
- Distribution
Refers to how many people in a specific time and
place, may it be in the past or the present. Used to determine rates and trends like in terms of births, deaths, migration, etc.
Population Size
4 Composition of the Population
(AMOE-ba)
- Age and sex
- Marital status
- Occupation
- Education
5 Composition of the distribution
o City o Country o Region o Continent o Urban/ Rural
2 Function of demography
→ Project planning, prioritizing, budgeting and
implementing
→ Predicting future developments and consequences
5 Sources of demographic data
(PENSR)
- population census
- National vital registration
- Surveys
- Estimates
- Registration system
The total process of (collecting, compiling) and publishing demographic, economic and social data pertaining at a specified time or times, to all persons in a country or delimited territory.
Census
two types of census:
- De Jure method
2. De Facto Method
tallies people according to their (regular or legal) residence.
De jure method
allocates people to the place
where (one spends the night of the day.)
De facto method
It refers to frequency of (occurrence of events over a given interval of time)
RATE
The sex ratio at birth is generally about ___ more males than females in the younger age groups
105
Mortality rates are generally higher among ___ than
___ in most age groups
males, females
The sex ratio tends to decrease with age and eventually fall below ___
100
age in which 50% or one-half of the population is aged n years old or over and the other half is below n years old
Median age
The Ratio where the number of dependents that need to be supported by every 100 persons in the economically active (age groups)
AGE-DEPENDENCY RATIO
graphical representation of the age and sex composition of the population
Population pyramid
5 Ways to read the population pyramid are as follows:
- Titles
- Shape
- Proportion
- Sex ratio
- Interpret
CONSTRUCTING A POPULATION PYRAMID
- male bar left, female bar right
2. Length of bar is the population and it falls at a usual age group
The three types of population pyramids are:
(BeRT)
- Beehive
- Rectangle
- Triangular
3 Factors that control shape of pyramids are:
(BDsM)
- Births
- Deaths
- Migration
has a broad base (signifying high birth rates) and a narrow top (signifying a small elderly population)
TRIANGULAR PYRAMID
3 Pyramids where the Sex ratio: balanced
(BeRT)
- TRIANGULAR PYRAMID
- BEEHIVE PYRAMID
- RECTANGULAR PYRAMID
Pyramid signifying low birth rates and slow population growth
BEEHIVE PYRAMID
signifies zero population growth, with a narrow base (signifying low birth rate)
Signifies high life expectancy (usually 80+) Signifies low death rates
RECTANGULAR PYRAMID
Indicates the ease by which a communicable disease can be transmitted from susceptible host to another
CROWDING INDEX
Measures the average number of people (added) to the population (per year)
ABSOLUTE INCREASE PER YEAR
population estimates made on any date (intermediate to two censuses) and take the results of these censuses into account.
They are calculated using data in which a beginning and end years are reported
Intercensal estimates
estimates of population size on any date in the past or (during a current date) following a census.
They are calculated using data with only a beginning year.
Postcensal estimates
population estimates made on any date following the (last census) for which (no current reports are available)
PROJECTIONS
2 methods of projection
- Component method of projection
2. Mathematical method of projection
3 mathematical method
- Exponential
- Geometric method
- Arithmetic method
The point wherein the earth’s resources cannot sustain its people
OVERPOPULATION
In 1800’s the world reached ______ people
1 billion
What does stage 1 pyramid represent?
High birth and death rate with short life expectancy although the population can be restored in the future
What does stage 2 pyramid represent?
Population boom. More middle age and high life expectancy
What does stage 3 pyramid represent?
Slow population growth and declining birth and death rate
What does stage 4 pyramid represent?
Low birth and death rate. But high life expectancy or dependency
Actual difference between the two consensus counts expressed in the percent (relative to the population size in earlier census)
Relative increase
