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CPHM 121 > M1. COMMUNICABLE DISEASES > Flashcards

M1. COMMUNICABLE DISEASES Flashcards

1
Q

Transmitted from one host to another.

Contagious disease – easily transmitted.

transferred from one infected person to a susceptible and uninfected person and maybe cause by microorganisms

A

COMMUNICABLE DISEASE

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2
Q

DISEASES:

occur abruptly

A

Acute Disease

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3
Q

DISEASES:

prone in causing permanent disability to a person

Ex. COVID-19, Elephantiasis

A

Chronic Disease

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4
Q

DISEASES:

remains inactive in the body.

Inactive disease. But when the person became immunocompromise it will be activated.

Ex. Chicken fox, TB, HIV/AIDS

A

Latent Disease

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5
Q

DISEASES:

infections developed after prior infections

Ex. Amebiasis

A

Secondary Infections

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6
Q

DISEASES:

presence of bacteria in the blood

A

Bacteremia

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7
Q

DISEASES:

presence and multiplication of bacteria in the blood.

blood poisoning by bacteria.

causes inflammation.

A

Septicemia

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8
Q

DISEASES:

produce and release toxins.

presence of toxins in the blood.

A

Toxemia

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9
Q

DISEASES:

presence of virus in the blood

A

Viremia

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10
Q

DISEASES:

occasional cases of disease. Not all people are affected. Only some.

occurring at irregular intervals or only in a few places; scattered or isolated.

A

Sporadic

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11
Q

DISEASES:

constantly present (in a given location).

Example: Malaria

A

Endemic

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12
Q

DISEASES:

outbreaks (in a given location).

A

Epidemic

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13
Q

DISEASES:

worldwide outbreaks

A

Pandemic

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14
Q

number of infected people during a particular time period (i.e., year)

A

Incidence

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15
Q

number of diseased people at any given time.

A

Prevalence

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16
Q

measurable changes.

Objective.

A

Signs

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17
Q

patient complaint.

Subjective.

A

Symptoms

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18
Q

study of disease

A

Pathology

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19
Q

disease process

A

Pathogenesis

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20
Q

colonization by microbe

pathogen is growing in or on host

A

Infection

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21
Q

illness

A

Disease

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22
Q

organism with potential to cause disease

A

Pathogen

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23
Q

degree or intensity of pathogenicity

A

Virulence

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24
Q

ability of pathogen to spread to other tissues in the body

A

Invasiveness

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25
Q

ability of pathogen to establish infection

A

Infectivity

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26
Q

ability of pathogen to secrete toxins

A

Toxigenicity

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27
Q

infection in which pathogen grows massively in the body (causing inflammation that causes increase in permeability and blood flow), being found in blood and throughout organs. Usually leads to death.

A

Septicemia

28
Q

Provide basic logical proof that disease is caused by a microbe.

A

KOCH’S POSTULATES (1800s)

29
Q

Compete for living space and nutrients with pathogens.

good bacteria

microorganism that inhabit the skin and mucous membranes of a health normal person

Ex. Lactobacillus Acidophilus ~ acidic pH in the Vagina.

A

NORMAL MICROBIOTA/FLORA

30
Q

Fluids within an Organ or Tissue:

surrounds the embryo & fetus

A

Amniotic Fluid

31
Q

Organisms that cause disease when they enter different environment.

Organism that can become pathogenic following a perturbation to their host.

A

OPPORTUNISTIC PATHOGENS

32
Q

OPPORTUNISTIC PATHOGENS

enters break in skin

A

Staphyloccocus Aureus

33
Q

OPPORTUNISTIC PATHOGENS

enters peritoneal cavity from burst appendix

A

Escherichia coli

34
Q

OPPORTUNISTIC PATHOGENS

colonizes intestines when normal flora has been killed by antibiotics

A

Clostridium difficile

35
Q

Types of Microorganisms causing Infections:

most common infection-causing microorganisms.

36
Q

Types of Microorganisms causing Infections:

consist primarily of nucleic acid and therefore must enter living cells in order to produce infection.

37
Q

Types of Microorganisms causing Infections:

includes yeast and mold

38
Q

Types of Microorganisms causing Infections:

live on other living organisms.

39
Q

Reservoir (source)

most common source of infection

40
Q

Reservoir (source)

zoonoses

41
Q

Mode of Transmission (Direct Transmission)

can only occur with three (3) feet of each other

A

Droplet Spread

42
Q

Mode of Transmission

transmission may either be vehicle-borne/vector-borne

A

Indirect Transmission

43
Q

Portal of Entry

Barrierto infectious agents.

breakage in this are can readily serve as portal of entry.

44
Q

Portal of Entry

injection bite

A

Parenteral

45
Q

Susceptible Host

person “at increased risk”.

They are more likely than others to acquire an infection.

A

Compromised Host

46
Q

Controlling of Infectious Agents

prophylaxis such as antibiotics, antiviral drugs

47
Q

Controlling of Infectious Agents

hygiene, disinfectants, sterilizations, antiseptics, and vaccination

A

Prevention

48
Q

Chemical substances that destroy microorganisms

A

Antiseptics and Disinfectants

49
Q

can be applied safely to the body

E.g., on skin, ethanol, and isopropanol

A

Antiseptics

50
Q

cannot be used on the body directly but are used to clear work surfaces, crockery, cutlery, instruments.

E.g., hypochlorite, disinfectants, phenol, aldehydes, chloroxylenol (Dettol) and iodine

A

Disinfectants

51
Q

Removal of any living organisms from a non-living object or material.

E.g., water, operating theatre gowns.

Includes: Heat, Steam, Radiation

A

Sterilization

52
Q

pasteurizing milk, tinned food

53
Q

Autoclave where steam under pressure is fed into a sealed chamber.

54
Q

longer wavelengths have no effect shorter wavelength such as UV light results in death.

55
Q

Specific Protection against Disease:

Process of introducing vaccine into the body to produce antibodies that will protect our body against a specific infectious agent.

Giving antigens from disease causing organism, either by injection or orally

Enables the body to respond fast enough

Artificial active immunity

A

Immunization/Vaccination

56
Q

Vaccine available for routine immunizations:

DPT

causes of D, P, and T

A

Diphtheria, Pertussis, and Tetanus

Corynebacterium Diphtheria
Bordetella Pertussis
Clostridium Tetani

57
Q

Vaccine available for routine immunizations:

OPV

cause of Poliomyelitis

A

Oral Polio Vaccine

Polio Virus

58
Q

Vaccine available for routine immunizations:

MMR Vaccine

causes of M, M, and R

A

Measles, Mumps, Rubella

measles virus
mumps virus
rubella virus

59
Q

Vaccine available for routine immunizations:

Hib Polysaccharide Vaccine

cause of Meningitis

A

H. influenze type B

Hemophilus Influenza

60
Q

Vaccine available for routine immunizations:

reduces the chane of being and becoming cancer.

(ang gulo ng nakalagay sa PPT ni Sir T^T)

A

Hepatitis B Vaccine

61
Q

Vaccine available for routine immunizations:

62
Q

Vaccine available for routine immunizations:

BCG

protection against the possibility of infection from other family members

cause of Tubercolosis

A

Bacillus of Calmette and Guerin

Mycobacterium tubercolosis

63
Q

Vaccine available for routine immunizations:

CDT

causes of C, D, and T

A

Cholera, Dysentery, and Typhoid

Vibrio Cholera
Shigella Dysenteriae
Salmonella typhi

64
Q

Specific Protection against Disease:

Administration of drugs to prevent occurrence of infection.

E.g., Penicillin for gonorrhea, chloroquine for malaria, INH for tuberculosis.

INH

prevents acquisition of infection

A

Chemoprophylaxis

Isoniazid and Rifapentine

Prophylatic Drug

65
Q

Specific Protection against Disease:

Placing mechanical barriers between the sources of agent and host such as use of mosquito nets, masks, or gloves

A

Mechanical Prophylaxis

CPHM 121 (9 decks)

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