F2. NUTRITION Flashcards
6 factors affecting food consumption:
- biological needs
- social and cultural factors
- economic factors
- physical factors
- time factors
- physiological factors
4 role of nutrients:
- provides energy
- building material
- maintenance and repair
- support growth
6 categories of nutrients:
- water
- carbohydrates
- fats
- protein
- vitamins
- minerals
nutrient deficiencies
under nutrition
nutrition excesses
over nutrition
5 major nutrition problems
- protein energy malnutrition
- vitamin A deficiency disorders
- iron deficiency anemia
- iodine deficiency disorders
- obesity
Strategies to address malnutrition:
country’s policymaking & coordinating body on nutrition
National Nutrition Council
Strategies to address malnutrition:
country’s guide for action for nutrition improvement.
Philippine Plan of Action for Nutrition [PPAN]
- make the body grow
- rich in protein, iodine, iron, and vitamin B
Body-building foods
- give us energy
- rich in carbohydrates & fats
Energy-giving foods
- keep all our organs working & in good condition
- help in fighting common illnesses
- rich in vitamins & minerals
Body-regulating foods
- essential for growth & repair of body tissues
- body’s building blocks
Protein
Two types of protein malnutrition:
- clinical constellation of edema & under nutrition
- protein & energy lack
Kwashiorkor
Two types of protein malnutrition:
a physiological adaption to marked restriction of dietary energy
Marasmus
- Main source of energy
- modulate the production of insulin and other hormones
- synthesis of lipoproteins and cholesterol
provides bulk resulting in the modulation of peristalsis movement and the prevention of constipation.
Carbohydrates
Dietary fiber
- Concentrated source of energy
- helps absorbs & store fat- soluble vitamins
Fats
- Organic compounds essential
- Active in the regulation and metabolism and transformation of energy
Vitamins
Fat-soluble vitamins:
- normal vision
- bone and tooth growth & reproduction
- hormone synthesis
- immunity
- prevents xerophthalmia (deficiency)
Vitamin A/ Retinol/ Retinoic Acid
Fat-soluble vitamins:
- mineralization of bones
- prevents rickets & osteomalacia
Vitamin D/ Calciferol
Fat-soluble vitamins:
- antioxidants
- protect neuro-muscular system
- prevents arteriosclerosis
Vitamin E/ Tocopherol
Fat-soluble vitamins:
- for normal blood clotting
- synthesis of proteins in plasma, bones, & kidneys
Vitamin K/ Naphthoquinone
Water-soluble vitamins:
- Supports normal appetite & nervous tissue system function
- prevents beri-beri
B1/ THIAMIN
Water-soluble vitamins:
- supports skin health
- prevents deficiency by cracks and redness at the corners of the mouth
- inflammation of the mouth and dermatitis
B2/ RIBOFLAVIN
Water-soluble vitamins:
- supports skin health, nervous systems, and digestive system
- prevents pellagra
B3/ NIACIN
Water-soluble vitamins:
- helps convert tryptophan to niacin
B6/ PYRIDOXINE
Water-soluble vitamins:
- formation of new cell
- maintain nerve cells
- assist in metabolism of fatty acids and amino acids
B12/ CYANOCOBALAMIN
Water-soluble vitamins:
- formation of protein, collagen, bone, teeth, cartilage, skin
- involved in amino acid metabolism
- increase resistance in infection
- prevents scurvy
Vitamin C/ Ascorbic Acid
Water-soluble vitamins:
- formation of DNA & new blood cells
- prevents anemia [megaloblastic anemia]
Folic Acid
Water-soluble vitamins:
- helps in energy & amino acid metabolism
- synthesis of fat & glycogen
Biotin
Water-soluble vitamins:
helps in energy metabolism
Pantothenic acid
Involved in a wide variety of biochemical processes with the body
Mineral
Major minerals:
- calcium
- phosphorus
- magnesium
- sodium
- potassium
Major minerals:
- calcium
- phosphorus
- magnesium
- sodium
- potassium
- Mineralization of bones & teeth
- normal muscle contraction & relaxation
- Proper nerve functioning
- blood clotting, blood pressure, & immune defenses
calcium
- energy transfer
- acid-base balance
phosphorus
- mineralization of bones and teeth
- building of proteins
- normal muscle contration
magnesium
normal fluid and electrolyte balance
sodium
- transmission of nerve impulses
- contraction of muscle
potassium
trace minerals:
- iodine
- iron
- zinc
- copper
- fluoride
- chromium
regulates physical and mental development and metabolic rate
iodine
formation of blood
iron
essential for normal growth and development of immunity
zinc
absorption and the use of iron in the formation of haemoglobin
copper
formation of bones and teeth
fluoride
work with insulin and is required for release of energy from glucose
chromium