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Man Poo > M- Twist Drills and Square Drills > Flashcards

M- Twist Drills and Square Drills Flashcards

1
Q

Cutting tools that create holes by turning waste into chips

A

DRILLS

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2
Q

Most common type of drills

A

TWIST DRILL

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3
Q

Generally used POINT ANGLE or a good General Purpose value

A

118 degrees

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4
Q

Plain cylindrical portion of a drill used for gripping

A

SHANK

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5
Q

Includes the features in a drill that enable it to function

A

BODY

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6
Q

Small reduced section between the SHANK and BODY

A

NECK

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7
Q

Independent grooves that allow ingress of cutting fluid and egress of chips, while also forming a critical part of the cutting geometry where they emerge from the tip

A

FLUTES

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8
Q

What remains after the FLUTES are cut into the cylindrical BODY are the

A

LANDS

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9
Q

Thin bridge of material that connects the two LANDS is called the

A

WEB

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10
Q

At the tip, the WEB and POINT ANGLE interact to create the

A

CHISEL EDGE

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11
Q

The two straight blades formed at the tip where the FLUTES, LANDS, and POINT ANGLE combine are called

A

LIPS

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12
Q

Narrow raised areas along the edge of the LANDS where they border the FLUTES so the BODY doesn’t rub the bore as cutting progresses.

A

MARGINS

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13
Q

Are MARGINS blades?

A

NO, so TWIST BLADES are not intended for cutting on their flanks (sides)

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14
Q

TWIST DRILLS often have a ________ _____ of simple, plain, parallel-sided cylindrical design.

A

STRAIGHT SHANK

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15
Q

What can be used to hold a twist drill with a STRAIGHT SHANK?

A

a Jacobs drill chuck or a Collet chuck

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16
Q

Jacobs Drill Chuck

A

allows for quick swaps with drills of different sizes, but is prone to eccentric running and slippage

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17
Q

Collet Chuck

A

runs concentrically and holds securely, but is slower to use and will break the drill under excessive torque

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18
Q

Drills where the diameter of the straight dill shank is not the same as the nominal drill (hole) diameter.

A

STEPPED (REDUCED) SHANK DRILLS

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19
Q

What can be used to hold STEPPED (REDUCED) SHANK DRILLS?

A

a single size of COLLET

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20
Q

How do DRILLS and COLLET CHUCKS attach to the SPINDLE of a DRILL PRESS?

A

by using a special TAPERED SHANK

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21
Q

What is the advantage of using a TAPER SHANK instead of a straight one?

A

larger drills can be attached directly to the spindle, thereby eliminating the need for a CHUCK

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22
Q

What is the most common SELF-LOCKING TAPER?

A

MORSE TAPER

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23
Q

Who invented the MORSE TAPER? What year was it invented?

A

Stephen A. Morse in 1864

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24
Q

What is the size range for the MORSE TAPER?

A

MT#0 up to MT#7

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25
Q

What angle is the taper typically?

A

about 1.5 degrees from the parallel sides of a STRAIGHT SHANK

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26
Q

What would be used to fit a MT#3 TAPERED SHANK into a MT#5 SPINDLE BORE?

A

SLEEVES/SLEEVE ADAPTERS

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27
Q

It is possible to step up any MORSE TAPER SHANK to a larger size by using a ______ SLEEVE or by _______ SLEEVES.

A

single; nesting

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28
Q

Is it possible to step down the size of a MORSE TAPER SHANK to a smaller one?

A

NO

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29
Q

The flattened portion at the small end of a MORSE TAPER SHANK; performs an important role in the separation of SELF-LOCKING TAPERS.

A

the TANG

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30
Q

TAPERS that will tenaciously grip once a SHANK is inserted into a matching tapered bore.

A

SELF-LOCKING TAPER

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31
Q

What is used to separate SELF-LOCKING TAPERS?

A

a DRIFT/DRIFT KEY and a hammer

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32
Q

A thin wedge-shaped piece of metal that is inserted through a transverse slot which is always provided in a SPINDLE, QUILL, or SLEEVE when a MORSE TAPER bore is present

A

DRIFT/DRIFT KEY

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33
Q

Why are SELF-LOCKING TAPERS not used on CNC machine tools?

A
  • because of the reluctance of such devices to release upon demand
  • a DRIFT/HAMMER approach is not a viable option for automated systems
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34
Q

Most twist drills are purchased in sets containing a range of sizes including:

A
  • fractional sizes increasing by 1/32”
  • letter sizes A to Z
  • number sizes #1 through #80
  • metric (SI)
35
Q

drills sets containing drills of increasing length as the diameter goes up (smaller diameter drills are shorter and larger diameter drills are longer)

A

JOBBER DRILLS

36
Q

drill set of long twist drills of the same length and different diameters

A

LONG BOY DRILL

37
Q

The disadvantage of LONG BOY DRILLS

A

they tend to whirl/whip when rotated in a drilling machine

38
Q

What is the solution to the downside of LONG BOY DRILLS?

A

use a short JOBBER DRILL at first to predrill a shallow hole. with the machine off, the tip of the LONG BOY DRILL can be inserted into the predrilled hole.

39
Q

Big diameter drills that are shorter than normal, and all of the same length

A

FAT BOY DRILLS

40
Q

Type of shank that allows a set of drills to be held in a moderately sized chuck.

A

STEPPED SHANKS

41
Q

Drills with only one FLUTE, such that the WEB is thicker and stronger.

A

STRAIGHT FLUTE DRILL

42
Q

What are STRAIGHT FLUTES usually made of, making them ideal for cutting hard workpieces?

A

TUNGSTEN CARBIDE

43
Q

What is the problem with TWIST DRILLS as a result of their twisted geometry?

A

removing material to create the 2 FLUTES leaves a narrow WEB, which results in a weak drill design.

44
Q

Since the single FLUTE on a STRAIGHT FLUTE DRILL is straight, there is no ________ ______ to assist in the removal of chips.

A

elevator effect

45
Q

What kind of chips come from a STRAIGHT FLUTE DRILL?

A

dust-like discontinuous chips

46
Q

What soft metal is STRAIGHT FLUTE DRILLS sometimes used on?

A

BRASS

47
Q

Because the single FLUTE is not twisted it won’t act like a _____ ______ and grab the workpiece.

A

screw thread

48
Q

What kind of drills are renowned for lifting workpieces out of their clamp/vice restraint?

A

TWIST DRILLS

49
Q

Why are brass hinges drilled with a STRAIGHT FLUTE DRILL instead of a TWIST DRILL?

A

to avoid the grabbing tendency of twist drills, especially given that clamping forces on brass must be kept low to avoid marring.

50
Q

Is a ROUTER DRILL the same as a ROUTER BIT?

A

NO; a router bit is a woodworking cutter

51
Q

A drill with no FLUTES at all, the body is covered with a sharp KNURLED type of pattern.

A

ROUTER DRILL

52
Q

Using a ROUTER DRILL is ideal for drilling composite materials such as:

A
  • carbon-reinforced plastic (CRP)
  • glass-reinforced plastic (GRP)
53
Q

Drills best for HEAVY DUTY drilling of a large diameter hole.

A

SPADE DRILL (metal-working variety)

54
Q

What machine tools are SPADE DRILLS intended to be used on?

A

TAILSTOCK QUILLS
DRILL PRESS SPINDLE

55
Q

What are the parts of a SPADE DRILL?

A
  • body
  • separate CUTTING TOOL INSERT
56
Q

What material is the CUTTING TOOL INSERT usually made from?

A

TUNGSTEN CARBIDE, may be coated

57
Q

A smaller version of the SPADE DRILL, usually one solid pice of material with no removable/replaceable blade.

A

DAGGER DRILL

58
Q

Type of DRILL used on multi-layer composites where TWIST DRILLS would grab and separate the laminations.

A

DAGGER DRILLS

59
Q

What challenges does creating the barrels for FIREARMS present?

A

the bore of a rifle is usually of small diameter but must be long, parallel, and straight.

60
Q

Before drilling technology was available, how were gun barrels made?

A

by building up metal around a MANDREL, which was subsequently withdrawn.

61
Q

How were the MANDRELS used in the making of early gun barrels made?

A

crude casting

62
Q

Having created the MANDREL a __________ could easily wrap strips of red-hot iron around it.

A

Blacksmith

63
Q

The technique only good for making shotguns and muskets because of a lack of rifling grooves and could only withstand BLACK POWDER (gunpowder) and not those generated by modern SMOKELESS POWDER.

A

DAMASCUS METAL

64
Q

Describe the characteristics of shotguns with DAMASCUS METAL BARRELS.

A

decorative swirling pattern

65
Q

DAMASCUS METAL is no longer applied to gun barrels, but it is applied to ___________ _____ ______.

A

collectible knife blades

66
Q

On collectible knife blades, what can be added for more characteristics?

A
  • acid, brings out grain boundaries
  • heat-treated Titanium, adds color
67
Q

What are two ways modern gun barrels can be created?

A
  • COLD HAMMER FORGED (SWAGED)
  • DRILLED (not with a twist drill)
68
Q

How does the HANDEDNESS of a twist drill affect the hole?

A

it will cause a long flexible drill to follow a curved path, which is not desirable for a gun barrel

69
Q

Why is a STRAIGHT FLUTE used for drilling a modern gun barrel?

A

it has no handedness and therefore no tendency to wander

70
Q

A very small diameter drill designed specifically for drilling firearm barrels.

A

GUN DRILL

71
Q

A removable bearing surface to keep the body of the GUN DRILL from rubbing on the bore of the hole

A

WEAR PADS

72
Q

What are WEAR PADS generally made of? Why?

A

bronze because it is a good bearing material (no galling), but also softer than typical barrel materials.

73
Q

The small, replaceable piece that does the cutting on the GUN DRILL.

A

CUTTING TOOL INSERT coated in TUNGSTEN CARBIDE with CHIP BREAKERS built-in

74
Q

Since the GUN DRILL has no TWIST, the chips will not be lifted out of the hole. Why is this a problem?

A

for deep holes, the chips can become clogged, wearing the hole bore unevenly or snapping the drill

75
Q

What are 3 types of small, straight passageways that run the entire length of the GUN DRILL from SHANK to TIP?

A
  • SINGLE CIRCULAR
  • KIDNEY-SHAPED
  • DUAL
76
Q

What is continuously pumped through the passageways of the GUN DRILL to blast the chips out?

A

CUTTING FLUID/COOLANT

77
Q

Supplies lubrication directly to the cutting face deep within the hole

A

CUTTING FLUID/COOLANT

78
Q

How are the passageways of a GUN DRILL usually created?

A

PM PROCESSING with a thin wire(s) acting as a MANDREL

79
Q

How are SQUARE holes drilled?

A

SQUARE DRILL

80
Q

What allows the SQUARE DRILL to freely move relative to the axis of rotation?

A

a FLOATING CHUCK

81
Q

When drilling noncircular holes, the holes can be _______ or _____ with virtually no corner radii.

A

THROUGH, BLIND

82
Q

What is the minimum size for a SQUARE HOLE?

A

1 inch

83
Q

For cutting smaller blind polygon holes, it might be better to use _______, but this is slower and will result in significant corner radii.

A

MILLING

Man Poo (31 decks)

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