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Man Poo > Graphite -> Glass (I) > Flashcards

Graphite -> Glass (I) Flashcards

1
Q

physical appearance of GRAPHITE

A

one of the two allotropes of carbon, it has a black to dark gray color with a dull sheen, can be mined in its natural form.

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2
Q

microstructure of GRAPHITE

A

very strong crystalline layers stacked on top of each other with poor and weak bonds between these layers

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3
Q

What everyday object uses GRAPHITE (where it is often referred to as lead)?

A

pencils

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4
Q

metallic traits of GRAPHITE

A

can conduct electricity, ability to be machined (cut) using the same tools used for metals

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5
Q

non-metallic trait of GRAPHITE

A

it does not melt under atmospheric pressure (makes it excellent for making crucibles or as casting molds for refractory metal alloys), high natural LUBRICITY (it is slippery)

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6
Q

CERAMICS

A

consist of mineral-like ingredients, either as mixtures or in a pure form.

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7
Q

PURE CERAMICS

A

created as lumps of raw product in a chemical plant

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8
Q

COMMINUTION

A

process of crushing the lumps into powder in a BALL MILL.

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9
Q

BALL MILL

A

a cylindrical drum that is lined with wear-resistant panels or bricks (Burrstone, Silica, or Alumina) and filled with ceramic balls (Zirconium Silicate). The lumps are turned into powder.

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10
Q

What is mixed with the ceramic powder to create the desired thickness?

A

ceramic powder + water + binder(s)

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11
Q

SLIP (in terms of ceramics)

A

larger amounts of water will create a runny and pourable consistency, allows the adoption of processes analogous to metal casting, but without the need for heat

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12
Q

limiting the amount of water will produce a thick pliable plastic form suitable for…

A

MOLDING

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13
Q

SLIP CASTING

A

same as SLUSH CASTING, but for ceramics instead of metals; slip is poured into a split mold and poured out when the desired thickness has solidified

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14
Q

CERAMIC SPIN CASTING

A

similar to CENTRIFUGAL SPIN CASTING, but with ceramics instead of metals

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15
Q

MOLDING

A

when shaping the pliable plastic MOLDING form of the moist ceramic blend, the methods are similar to FORGING and EXTRUSION of metals

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16
Q

CERAMIC PRESSING

A

similar to CLOSED/IMPRESSIONS DIE FORGING

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17
Q

CERAMIC EXTRUSION

A

pushes the material through the die cavity and the two die halves are brought together; a SCREW CONVEYER provides the driving force

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18
Q

JIGGERING

A

the industrial equivalent of the manual potter’s wheel to mass produce circular forms; parts: plaster mold, clay slug, bat, bat former, jigger tool

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19
Q

JIGGER TOOL

A

equivalent to potter’s hands; sweeps around the bat to create the final shape

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20
Q

DRYING in terms of CERAMICS

A

the ceramic shape needs to be dried because any moisture can turn into steam and cause cracks in the FIRING STAGE

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21
Q

GREENWARE

A

the resulting ceramic after the drying process, in a solid but fragile GREEN STATE, strong enough for light handling

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22
Q

GREEN MACHINING

A

process of cutting GREENWARE

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23
Q

KILN

A

a special oven that the final shape GREENWARE is placed into, the ceramic undergoes a chemical change that results in cross-linking and shrinking

24
Q

BISQUEWARE

A

the GREENWARE goes into the KILN and it is called BISQUEWARE when it comes out

25
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of BISQEWARE?

A

ADV- hard and durable
DISADV- porous and susceptible to shattering from impacts or thermal shock

26
Q

HARD MACHINING

A

a technique used to machine BISQUEWARE

27
Q

DISADVANTAGE of HARD MACHINING

A

it requires abrasive cutting techniques; the ceramic is “notch sensitive” and care is needed to avoid sharp corners where cracks can start

28
Q

GLAZING

A

method of addressing the porosity of BISQUEWARE by applying a surface coating of runny SLIP

29
Q

GLAZEWARE

A

the coated BISQUEWARE is put in the KILN again and comes out as GLAZEWARE

30
Q

EXAMPLES of GLAZED products

A

most tableware ceramics, bathroom tiles, turbine blades

31
Q

GLASS

A

composed mostly of SILICA which exists in a crystalline form known as QUARTZ, and an amorphous state called FUSED SILICA

32
Q

FUSED SILICA

A

has a disorganized microstructure and possesses the transparent appearance of GLASS

33
Q

SODA LIME GLASS

A

contains sodium oxide (soda) and calcium oxide (lime)

34
Q

LEAD/FLINT GLASS

A

SILICA and LEAD OXIDE; known for its sparkle and clarity, while being able to block GAMMA and X-RAYS

35
Q

CROWN GLASS

A

POTASSIUM OXIDE creates this glass

36
Q

BOROSILICATE GLASS

A

BORON OXIDE results in this glass; known as PYREX, with superior thermal-shock resitance

37
Q

GORILLA GLASS

A

flexible corning glass widely used for smartphone and tablet screen protectors

38
Q

GLASS in the form of PLATE or SHEET

A

widely used in architectural applications, formed using rollers

39
Q

FLOAT GLASS

A

process of making very flat and smooth glass for window panes, the glass is supported by liquid tin during this process

40
Q

Why is LIQUID TIN used in the FLOAT GLASS process?

A
  • non-toxic
  • more dense than glass
  • lower MP than glass temp
  • higher BP than glass temp
  • non-reactive with glass
  • non-wetting
41
Q

GLASS BLOWING

A

a GOB of molten glass is placed on the end of a long tube. a craftsman uses their lungs to force air into the center of the GOB, creating the glass container shape

42
Q

AUTOMATED GLASS BLOWING

A

the GOB is formed into a crude container called a PARISON using a pressing method. the PARISON is then transferred to a split mold of the final desired shape and reheated

43
Q

GLASS FIBER

A

long lengths of straight fiber with consistent diameters can be produced by BUSHING

44
Q

BUSHING

A

allowing molten glass to pour through a series of holes

45
Q

INSULATION BATTS

A

short curly fibers are preferred bc they don’t pack together very well and leave a majority of airspace

46
Q

CELLULOSE

A

was used in attic insulation before GLASS FIBER BATTS, basically just old newspapers

47
Q

DISADVANTAGES of CELLULOSE

A
  • burns
  • absorbs moisture
  • attracts critters
  • compacts over time
  • inferior R-value
48
Q

FLOOD LAMP - SCREW CONDUCTOR

A

brass sheet metal is generally used; it is BLANKED, DEEP DRAWN, and then BULGED

49
Q

FLOOD LAMP - LENS

A

the lens is PRESSED glass

50
Q

GLASS PRESSING

A

similar to ceramic pressing, but the glass GOB is pliable bc of heat instead of moisture

51
Q

FLOOD LAMP - REFLECTOR

A

needs to be reflective and PARABOLIC in shape; made with GLASS CENTRIFUGAL CASTING

52
Q

ADV of CENTRIFUGAL CASTING

A

any liquid placed into a container and spun will naturally form a parabolic shape

53
Q

The Achilles Heel of Graphite

A

Brittleness

54
Q

True/False: Graphite maintain its slipperiness in space?

A

True because it is not dependent on oxidation or external lubricants

55
Q

a specialized application for solid graphite in space vehicles.

A

docking latch bushings

Man Poo (31 decks)

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