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Man Poo > K - Lathes and Knurling > Flashcards

K - Lathes and Knurling Flashcards

1
Q

What is the name of the indispensable machine tool that has been in existence for a very long time?

A

LATHE

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2
Q

What are lathes fundamentally dedicated for?

A

circular cutting, both external and internal, although they can be combined with other operations.

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3
Q

What are operations on a lathe generically called?

A

TURNING, the workpiece turns around an axis (spinning/rotating)

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4
Q

What is the name of the clamping device that secures the workpiece material and is rotated by the lathe?

A

CHUCK

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5
Q

SINGLE POINT CUTTING TOOL (SPCT)

A

cuts the material; cleaves chips as it is fed into the workpiece

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6
Q

Lathes are generally safer to operate than many _______ _____, because the SPCT doesn’t move at high speed or involve sharp blades.

A

machine tools

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7
Q

What should not be worn when operating a lathe?

A

loose clothing, watch bands, necklaces, etc. can get caught in the spinning chuck and cause horrific injury.

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8
Q

What is another name for a manually operated lathe?

A

ENGINE LATHE

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9
Q

How did the ENGINE LATHE get its name?

A

they were essential to the construction of engines because of the need for precision circular parts such as pistons and drive shafts.

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10
Q

Who mainly uses ENGINE LATHES today?

A

hobbyists and small machine shops

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11
Q

ENGINE LATHES are manually operated by a skilled machinist using the various control ______, ________, and __________

A

levers, switches, and handwheels

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12
Q

anatomy of an ENGINE LATHE.

A

headstock
spindle
chuck
SPCT
tool post
carriage
cross slide
compound rest/top slide
ways
bed
tailstock
quill

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13
Q

This part of the ENGINE LATHE houses the electric motor and a variable-speed transmission.

A

HEADSTOCK

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14
Q

This part of the ENGINE LATHE is the output shaft onto which the chuck is attached.

A

SPINDLE

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15
Q

In the ENGINE LATHE, the SPCT is held by clamping in a ____ ____.

A

TOOL POST

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16
Q

In the ENGINE LATHE, the tool post sits on top of a stack of 3 movable platforms called:

A

CARRIAGE, CROSS SLIDE, COMPOUND REST/TOP SLIDE

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17
Q

The CARRIAGE moves the entire stack longitudinally along the lathe by riding on 2 parallel precision ground rails called:

A

WAYS

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18
Q

WAYS are an integral part of the ___ which forms a heavy, stiff, cast iron supporting base.

A

BED

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19
Q

The _____ _____ is dedicated to moving the TOOL POST transversely across the lathe, perpendicular to the motion of the CARRIAGE.

A

CROSS SLIDE

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20
Q

The ________ ____ moves the tool post along any desired in-plane angular path and is used for cutting tapers.

A

COMPOUND REST (or TOP SLIDE)

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21
Q

What is at the opposite end of the BED from the HEADSTOCK?

A

TAILSTOCK

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22
Q

What is the non-rotating protruding shaft in the engine lathe? It can also be precisely moved in or out of the TAILSTOCK via a handwheel.

A

QUILL

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23
Q

Possible uses for TAILSTOCK

A
  • supplying end support for long workpieces
  • drilling concentric holes
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24
Q

An advantage and disadvantage of engine lathes.

A

ADV- they are very capable machines
DIS- not well suited to a production environment

25
Q

What type of LATHE was developed to address the fact that engine lathes are not well-suited for production?

A

TURRET LATHE

26
Q

What is the difference between the standard ENGINE LATHE and the TURRET LATHE?

A

the turret lathe uses a TURRET-STYLE TOOL HOLDER rather than a conventional TOOL POST

27
Q

A 6-sided device with provision for a different tool in each face. It can be pre-loaded with all the tools needed to complete the part, with each one perfectly set to its optimal cutting angle

28
Q

The entire ______ can be easily loosened and indexed around to quickly present a different workpiece, before being securely clamped in place.

29
Q

Manual TURRET LATHES can be replaced by ___ ______ because they are fully automated versions of ENGINE, TURRET, AND TRACER LATHES.

A

CNC (computer numerical controls) LATHES

30
Q

Term for TURRET LATHE used in the UK.

A

CAPSTAN LATHE

31
Q

Where does the term CAPSTAN LATHE come from?

A

the man-powered nautical anchor winch on sailing vessels (CAPSTAN) that bear a close resemblance to the hardware on a turret lathe.

32
Q

How is the TURRET LATHE able to speed up production?

A

by making tool swaps quicker

33
Q

This type of lathe is basically the ENGINE LATHE but the tool has been rigged to follow/trace the contour of the pre-cut template.

A

TRACER LATHE

34
Q

A manually operated ENGINE LATHE is retrofitted with various sensors that provide position data for the cutting tool with respect to the workpiece

A

ELECTRONIC READOUT

35
Q

What are turning operations possible on a lathe besides an SPCT?

A

integral tool magazines
carousels
turrets

36
Q

The digital programming uses an instruction set consisting of sequential operational steps that control the speed, feed rates, tool selection/swaps and cutter motions.

37
Q

CNC MACHINES can be programmed by uploading the G-CODE output from a ___/___ software package, or via ______________ ___________.

A

CAD/CAM; CONVERSATIONAL PROGRAMMING

38
Q

______ uses a SPCT and involves moving the tool transversely across the lathe BED using the CROSS SLIDE.

39
Q

A reduction in diameter along the length of a workpiece, performed using a SPCT, but the tool is driven parallel to the BED using the CARRIAGE motion

A

STRAIGHT TURNING

40
Q

A similar operation to straight turning; used to create a tapered workpiece rather than one of constant diameter.

A

TAPER TURNING

41
Q

How is TAPERED TURNING achieved?

A

by moving the SPCT along a path at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the part.

42
Q

What facilitates the motion of the TAPER TURNING?

A

the COMPOUND REST (or TOP SLIDE) which can be adjusted and clamped at the desired angle.

43
Q

What is the process of separating a finished turned part from that portion that is held in the chuck?

A

PARTING OFF/CUTTING OFF

44
Q

PROFILING/ CONTOURING is easily performed with what? What makes it more challenging?

A

a SPCT using a CNC LATHE; an ENGINE LATHE (it would require manually coordinated motion)

45
Q

Describe the specialized cutting tool used for PARTING OFF/CUTTING OFF.

A

very narrow and cuts along a forward edge rather than at a point like a conventional SPCT.

46
Q

What is GROOVING?

A

when the specialized cutting tool is not fed all the way to the center. This results in a narrow groove for the installation of piston rings.

47
Q

How can THREADS be cut on a LATHE?

A

using a SPCT provided that it possesses the correct nose shape to match the desired thread profile.

48
Q

What must be controlled when cutting threads on a lathe in order to produce the correct pitch?

A

ROTATIONAL SPEED and FEED RATE

49
Q

LATHES also provide _____________ __________ to ensure that sequential passes start at the same point and follow the preceding helical cut(s).

A

synchronizing mechanisms

50
Q

A method of creating a custom profile in one single plunge. It uses a tool with a matching profile ground into its cutting edge.

A

cutting with a FORM TOOL

51
Q

Conventional ________ with a _____ _____ is also possible on a LATHE. In this case, the drill is held in a drill chuck attached to the TAILSTOCK.

A

DRILLING; TWIST DRILL

52
Q

When DRILLING with a TWIST DRILL on a LATHE, the _____ can be driven forwards to plunge the drill concentrically into the workpiece, the drill itself does not rotate.

53
Q

What is the operation used on a lathe to create modest to large diameter concentric holes of superior surface finish?

54
Q

BORING starts with ___________ a hole with an undersized twist drill

A

predrilling

55
Q

What is a BORING BAR and what is it used for?

A

a long rod with a small SPCT near the end; used to open up the hole diameter by removing chips from the bore walls.

56
Q

The hole resulting from BORING can be _______ or _____.

A

through or blind

57
Q

What is KNURLING?

A

a turning operation that produces a grip texture on the surface of circular parts.

58
Q

Why are no chips created when using a KNURLING TOOL for KNURLING?

A

the KNURLING TOOL has hardened wheels to redistribute surface material.

59
Q

What are 3 examples of KNURLING patterns?

A

angled pattern
diamond pattern
straight pattern

Man Poo (31 decks)

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