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Ethics > (M) Part III L4: Utilitarianism > Flashcards

(M) Part III L4: Utilitarianism Flashcards

1
Q

Who proposed the basic form of utilitarianism?

A

Bentham

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2
Q

Who defended and improved the primary structure of utilitarianism?

A

John Mill

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3
Q

It is a consequentialist theory, a subclass of teleological moral theory

A

Utilitarianism

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4
Q

Major ethical system that holds that actions should be ethically evaluated by their consequences, not by the intentions

A

Consequentialist ethics

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5
Q

According to Bentham, there are two sovereign masters under which nature has placed mankind

A

Pleasure and Pain

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6
Q

A method to calculate the quantitative worth of pleasures?

A

Hedonic Calculus

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7
Q

An ethical system that identifies happiness with pleasure

A

Hedonistic

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8
Q

The principle that states that an action is right in so far as it tends to produce greatest of happiness for the greatest number

A

Principle of Utility

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9
Q

Ancient philosopher who explained that happiness does not mean only sensual pleasure

A

Epicurus

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10
Q

It serves as practical rules, giving knowledge about the tendencies of actions when no better information is available

A

Secondary rules

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11
Q

T or F. Utilitarianism is teleological?

A

T

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12
Q

T or F. Utilitarianism is compatible to Kantian ethics?

A

F

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13
Q

T or F. Utilitarianism does not allow for exception to the rule even if justified by the consequences.

A

F

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14
Q

T or F. Cheating is justified in utilitarianism if it will maximize pleasures and minimize pain

A

T

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15
Q

T or F. Utilitarianism states that the total number of outcomes should be considered before an act can be declared to be right or wrong

A

T

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16
Q

T or F. Higher pleasures mean intellectual, which includes artistic, political and spiritual pleasures

A

T

17
Q

T or F. Utilitarianism determines the moral value of an act by nature of the act itself

A

F

18
Q

T or F. The concepts pleasure and pain define the scope and limit of Bentham’s ethical system

A

T

19
Q

T or F. Kant declared, it is better to be a human being dissatisfied than a pig satisfied; better to be Socrates dissatisfied than a fool satisfied”

A

F (Mill)

20
Q

T or F. Mill proposed that “happiness and unhappiness are the basic for good and evil”

A

T

21
Q

What do you call the group of reformers headed by Bentham?

A

Philosophical radicals

22
Q

T or F. Bentham and James Mill are considered the main proponents of moral theory called utilitarianism.

A

F (Bentham and John Mill)

23
Q

This ethical system judges the rightness of an act in terms of an external goal or purpose.

A

Teleological

24
Q

They hold that some actions are intrinsically wrong and must never be done no matter what the results are.

A

Absolutists

25
Q

T or F. Absolutist believe in natural law or in natural rights which render some acts- those which violate those rights or conflict with that law- as immoral no matter what their outcomes are.

A

T

26
Q

They believe that there is no class of actions which must be rules out in advance independent of their consequences.

A

Consequentialist ethics

27
Q

Utilis means?

A

Useful

28
Q

The principle of utility is applied directly to every alternative act in a situation of choice.

A

Act utilitarianism

29
Q

the principle of utility is used to decide the validity of rules of conduct

A

rule utilitarianism

30
Q

Bentham confessed nonetheless that he took over the principle of utility from?

A

David Hume

31
Q

What are the 7 criteria or ingredients of quanti. hedonist

A

intensity
duration
certainty
Propincuity
fecundity
purity and extent

32
Q

T or F. Bentham believed in rendering evil for evil.

A

F

33
Q

What principle states that it is the greatest happiness of the greatest number that is the measure of right and wrong

A

the greatest happiness principle (Mill)

34
Q

Who rejects the purely quantitative treatment of the principle of utility

A

Mill

35
Q

What do you call when a person just wants qualitative distinctions among pleasures

A

qualitative hedonist

36
Q

He believes that past experiences teach us which kinds of action promote happiness and which do not

A

Mill’s secondary principle

37
Q

This serve as practical rules, giving knowledge about the tendencies of actions when no better information is available.

A

Secondary principles

38
Q

It is typically defined as the net benefits that accrue to those parties affected by the choice

A

Good

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