(M) Part III, L1: Basic Theories as Frameworks in Ethics

Question 1

defined as a basic structure underlying a system or concept

Answer 1

Framework

Question 2

a set of assumptions, concepts, values, and practices that constitutes a way of viewing reality

Answer 2

Framework

Question 3

branch of ethics that studies the nature of morality

Answer 3

Meta-Ethics

Question 4

talks about the meaning, reference, and truth values of moral judgments

Answer 4

Meta-Ethics

Question 5

explains what goodness and wickedness mean and how we know about them

Answer 5

Meta-Ethics

Question 6

moral judgments convey propositions, that is, they are ‘truth bearers’ or they are either true or false

Answer 6

Cognitivism

Question 7

right or wrong are matters of fact

Answer 7

Cognitivism

Question 8

existence of moral facts and the truth (or falsity) of moral judgments are independent of people’s thoughts and perception

Answer 8

Moral realism

Question 9

morality is about objective facts, not facts about any person or group’s subjective judgment

Answer 9

Moral realism

Question 10

truth (or falsity) of ethical propositions are dependent on the attitudes or standards of a person or group of persons

Answer 10

Ethical subjectivism

Question 11

denies that moral judgment are either true or false

Answer 11

Non-cognitivism

Question 12

ethical statements do not convey authentic propositions; hence, they are neither true nor false.

Answer 12

Non-cognitvism

Question 13

moral judgments are mere expressions of our emotions and feelings; ethical sentences cannot be either true or false

Answer 13

Emotivism

Question 14

also called as moral objectvism

Answer 14

Moral universalism

Question 15

moral facts and principles apply to everybody in all places

Answer 15

Moral universalism

Question 16

universal ethic exists and this applies to all similarly situated persons regardless of anything

Answer 16

Moral universalism

Question 17

Which theory is moral universalism compatible with?

Answer 17

Moral Realism

Question 18

different moral facts and principles apply to different persons or groups of individuals

Answer 18

Moral relativism

Question 19

various cultures have distinct standards of right and wrong; ethical standards change over time

Answer 19

Moral relativism

Question 20

Which theory is moral relativism compatible with?

Answer 20

Ethical subjectivism

Question 21

moral facts are known through observation and experience

Answer 21

Moral empiricism

Question 22

states that all matters of fact is derived from experience and our mind is not equipped with pre-experience concepts

Answer 22

Empiricism

Question 23

hold that moral truths are reducible to matters about people’s opinions or cultural conventions; recognizable by observation of their conventions

Answer 23

Moral empiricism

Question 24

moral facts and principles are knowable a priori

Answer 24

Moral rationalism

Question 25

knowledge about reality are grained through non-empirical deductive system, most forms of rationalism purport that moral facts are known through rational inferential process.

Answer 25

Rationalism

Question 26

relies on reason rather than intuition in justifying a belief or action

Answer 26

Moral rationalism

Question 27

moral truths are knowable by intuition, by immediate instinctive knowledge without reference to any evidence

Answer 27

Moral intuitionism

Question 28

we have an intuitive awareness of value or morality and it defined the basis of our ethical knowledge

Answer 28

Moral intuitionism

Question 29

moral value o actions may be known intuitively, even if consequences have not been uncovered

Answer 29

Moral intuitionism

Question 30

moral facts can be known without inference

Answer 30

Moral intuitionism

Question 31

branch of ethics that studies how man out to act

Answer 31

Normative ethics

Question 32

it examines ethical norms, that is, those guidelines about what is right, worthwhile, virtuous, or just

Answer 32

Normative ethics

Question 33

T of F; Normative ethics is not prescriptive in nature

Answer 33

False

Question 34

Deals with issues like “what one ought to do?”

Answer 34

Normative ethics

Question 35

An ethical system that bases morality on independent moral rules or duties

Answer 35

Deontology

Question 36

“Duty” came from what Greek word?

Answer 36

Deon

Question 37

This system equates behaving morally with adherence to duties or moral rules and acting immorally with failure to obey them

Answer 37

Deontology

Question 38

Is Deontology nonconsequentialism or consequentialism?

Answer 38

Nonconsequentialism

Question 39

The system’s prnciples are submitted as obligatory, regardless of the consequences that actions might produce `

Answer 39

Nonconsequentialism

Question 40

Refers to moral system that determines the moral value of actions by their outcomes or results

Answer 40

Teleology

Question 41

From the Greek word ___ which means ‘end’

Answer 41

Telos

Question 42

Takes into account the end result of the action as the exclusive consideration of its morality

Answer 42

Teleology

Question 43

Deems an action as morally right if its favorable consequences are greater than its adverse outcomes

Answer 43

Teleology

Question 44

Morality is determined solely by a cost-benefit evaluation of the action’s consequences

Answer 44

Consequentialism

Question 45

A moral system that places emphasis on developing good habits of character, like kindness and generosity, and avoiding bad character traits

Answer 45

Virtue Ethics

Question 46

These theories give importance to moral education which molds individuals to habitually act in a virtuous manner

Answer 46

Virtue-based theories

Question 47

This examines specific, controversial moral issues

Answer 47

Applied Ethics

Question 48

Not only must it be a matter of moral judgement but also it has to be controversial

Answer 48

Applied Ethics

Question 49

This concerns ethical issues pertaining to life, biomedical researches, medicines, health care, etc.

Answer 49

Bioethics

Question 50

Deals with concerns such as nature, ecosystem, and its nonhuman contents

Answer 50

Environmental ethics

Question 51

Examines principles concerning business environment which involves about corporate practices, policies, business behavior, etc

Answer 51

Business Ethics

Question 52

Studies moral issues about sexuality and human sexual behavior

Answer 52

Sexual ethics

Question 53

Deals with what is right for a society to do and how it should act as a whole

Answer 53

Social ethics