(M) Part III, L2: Virtue Ethics Flashcards
T or F. Plato believed that if one knows what the good is, one will always do what is good.
F (Socrates)
T or F. According to Socrates, if one truly understands the meaning of courage, self-control, or justice, one will not act in a courageous, self-controlled and just manner.
F (will act)
He maintains a virtue-based eudaemonistic
conception of ethics.
Plato
What does eudaimonia mean?
Happiness and well-being
In ethics and moral psychology, he developed the
view that the good life requires not just a certain
kind of knowledge
Plato
T or F. Aquinas follows Socrates and Plato in taking the virtues to be central to a well-lived life.
F (Aristotle)
T or F. Aristotle regards the ethical virtues as complex rational, emotional and social skills.
T
T or F. Aristotle agrees with plato’s idea.
F
He focuses on virtue, recommending the virtuous
way of life by its relation to happiness.
Aristotle
He is an angelic doctor and prince of scholarstics
Thomas Aquinas
T or F. Plato is an Italian philosopher and theologian in medieval time.
F (Aquinas)
Who believes that all actions are directed towards
ends and that is happiness is the final end
Aquinas
T or F. Aquinas states that true happiness is to be found only in the souls of the earth.
F (the blessed in heaven)
His ethics heavily depend on Aristotle
Aquinas
The rational plan of God by which all creation is
ordered
Eternal Law
It is the rational pattern of the universe that exists into God’s mind that directs everything in the universe to its appointed end.
Eternal Law
This law is accessible to human reason
natural law
This relates to human conduct in which the ordinance of natural reason is for the common good
Natural law
This refers to positive laws. It spells out what the natural laws prescribe as it gives precise and positive rules into the society such as civil and criminal laws formulated through practical reason and moral laws.
Human law
The Law of revelation; Disclosed through the sacred text or Scriptures and the Church directed towards the man’s eternal end.
Divine law
3 SETS OF INCLINATIONS of the Divine law
- To survive
- To reproduce and educate offspring
- To know the truth about God and to live
peacefully in society.
Features of Human Actions according to Aquinas
Species, Accident, End
The action referring to its kind or simply the object of the action known as the human deeds which are divided into 3 aspects which are good, neutral, bad.
species
The action made referring to the circumstances “In ethically evaluating action, where action takes place is also considered as an act might be flawed through its circumstances. “
Accidents
The intention of the action.
End
T or F. “Happiness is equated with pleasure, material possessions, honor, or any sensual good, but consists in activities in accordance
with virtue.”
F (not)
Involve in consistent deliberate effort to do an
act time and again and despite obstructions.
Acquired habits
Independent of this process as they are
directly instilled by God in our faculties.
INFUSED HABITS
Two kinds of INFUSED HABITS
Moral and theological virtues
Two kinds of INFUSED HABITS
Moral and theological virtues
Who holds that the goodness or badness of an action lies in the interior act of will, the external bodily act, the very nature of the act o and its consequences?
Aquinas
T or F. According to papi Aquinas what matters in morality is not what you do, but your intention in doing the act.
T
T or F. Aquinas is more of a utilitarian than a deontologist or Kantian.
F (opposite)
He is a virtue ethicist, like Aristotle
Aquinas
T or F. Aquinas rejects the belief that there are no universally true general principles of morality.
T
T or F. Aquinas is against some contemporary moral philosophies due to his notion of the Natural Law
T
He believes that some basic principles about morality are knowable by all, which makes
him against absolute skepticism about value.
Aquinas
What ethics encourages us to do good, avoid evil, pursue knowledge, and live at peace with our
neighbors.
Thomistic Ethics
He promotes Aristotle’s positive depictions of
the world as rational, humane, and ordered
Thomistic Ethics
a moral philosophy that teaches an action is right if it is an action that a virtuous person would perform
Virtue Ethics
Someone who acts virtuously
Virtous person
A moral characteristic that an individual needs to live well
Virtue
puts emphasis on developing good habits of character and avoiding bad character traits or vices
Virtue Ethics
Virtue ethics defines this as someone who develops the virtues and unfailingly displays them over some time.
Moral person
Cardinal virtues of ancient Greeks
wisdom
courage
moderation
justice
What does Christian teaching recommends
faith
hope
charity
love
He indicates that pleasure and pain fail to provide an objective standard for determining moral from immoral
Socrates
What is the central to Plato’s philosophy?
theory of Forms
the objectively existing immaterial entities that are the proper object of knowledge
theory of Forms
For him, those who comprehend the Good will always do good actions. Bad actions are performed out of not knowing the Good
Plato
What are the three general descriptions that are used to depict Aristotle’s ethics?
self-realizationism
eudaimonistic
aretaic
In Aristotle’s philosophy, it is when someone acts in line with his nature or end (telos) and thus realizes his full potential
Self-realizationism
In Aristotle’s philosophy, it focuses on happiness or the good for man and how to obtain it
Eudamonistic
In Aristotle’s philosophy, it is the virtue-based defined as what should a person struggle to become
Aretaic
Defined as the end or purpose
Aristotle’s Telos
He believes that the essence of humans lay not at their cause (or beginning) but at their end
Aristotle
Aristotle means those which the person with wisdom would choose because what is good is obvious to such a person
Virtuous actions
Aristotle believes that this is the ultimate human goal
Self-realization
What are the three natures of man according to Aristotle?
Vegetable (physical), animal (emotional), and rational (mental)
According to him, the purpose of studying ethics is to make ourselves good
Aristotle
According to Aristotle. human good is?
Eudaimonia
This refers to the greatest good of all time which is happiness
Summum bonum
According to Aristotle, happiness should also be understood in the sense of ______
Human flourishing
This word is usd to refer to moral virtue; an active state, a condition in which something must actively hold itself
Hexis
What are the two kinds of virtue according to Aristotle?
Virtues of intellect
Moral virtues
Refers to the fully rational part of the soul, the intellect
Virtues of intellect
Part of the rational soul which can obey reason; an expression of character formed by habits, reflecting repeated choices
Moral virtues
Moral virtues is also called?
Virtue of character
Excess and defect nornamlly indicate a ?
Vice
Moral virtue is the ______ between the two less desirable extremes
Golden mean
What are the four basic moral virtues according to Aristotle?
courage
temperance
justice
prudence
the golden mean between cowardice and tactless rashness
Courage
the mean between gluttony and extreme frugality
temperance
the virtue of giving others right what they deserve, neither more or less
Justice
this enables us to keep away from excess and defect
prudence or wisdom
the intellectual virtue of practical wisdom, the kind of moral knowledge which guides us to what is appropriate in conjunction with moral virtue
phronesis
a grasp of the appropriate way to respond – to feel and act – in a particular situation
phronesis or practical wisdom
T or F; to be virtuous is to act in accordance with the right prescription
True
