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Ethics > (M) Part III, L3: Kant and Rights Theory > Flashcards

(M) Part III, L3: Kant and Rights Theory Flashcards

1
Q

He rejects that ethical judgements are based on feelings

A

Kant

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2
Q

For him, feelings serve as obstructions to our discernment of right and wrong; he bases moral judgements on reason alone.

A

Kant

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3
Q

According to Kant, when we consult to _____ when we determine the moral stats of an action

A

Reason

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4
Q

For Kant, this is the highest good and the condition of all other goods

A

Good will

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5
Q

What is Kantian Ethics? Deontological or teleological?

A

Deontological

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6
Q

Feeling that pushes to select a particular option or make a particular decision

A

Inclination

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7
Q

In Kantian Ethics, it is what we ought to do despite our inclination or taste to do something

A

Duty or obligation

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8
Q

To perform an act for fear of undesirable consequences of no t doin it

A

Prudence (To act from a sense of prudence)

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9
Q

General rule or principles which serves as a guide to action

A

Maxim

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10
Q

T or F; not not all maxims are moral maxims

A

True

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11
Q

What are the two maxims according to Kant?

A

Hypothetical imperative and Categorical imperative

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12
Q

Understood as a command of reason

A

Imperative

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13
Q

Entails being true only under some conditions and therefore not universally true or valid

A

Hypothetical

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14
Q

Refers to how reason orders one to achieve one’s specific ends

A

Hypothetical imperative

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15
Q

T or F; an hypothetical imperative is accepted based on its merit

A

False

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16
Q

T or F; Hypothetical imperative is both the contingent and derivative

A

True

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17
Q

“No matter what end you desire to attain, act in such-and-such a way”

A

Categorical imperative

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18
Q

Binding in all agents, in all circumstances, at all times.

A

Categorical imperative

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19
Q

“Act only on that maxim through which you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law”

A

Universalizability

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20
Q

MORALITY is essentially connected with DUTIES
and OBLIGATIONS

A

Kantian Ethics

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21
Q

it is our liking or tendency to do, favor, or want
something

A

Incination

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22
Q

Type of imperative; It is one’s duty, as rational being, to act on principle or maxim, as contrasted to simply acting on impulse

A

Categorical imperative

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23
Q

An example of this is : a man wants to financially help a certain lady who is in need, MERELY, because he likes her personally

A

Acting on impulse (Categorical imperative)

24
Q

T or F; Kant is concerned with maxims that are not moral, that is, those dictated by reason and thus have imperative force

A

False (moral)

25
Q

It directs one to behave in certain manners on the condition that one seeks specified goals

A

Hypothetical imperative

26
Q

Two characteristics of hypothetical imperative

A

Contingent/conditional and derivative

27
Q

Characteristics of hypothetical imperative; Because circumstances are imaginable where studying hard would still not result in passing, and in such situations, the maxim may no longer be accepted

A

Contingent/conditional

28
Q

Characteristics of hypothetical imperative; Because acceptance of it depends on one’s wish to pass; if one does not want to pass, the principle may be ignored

A

Derivative

29
Q

It commands a person to act in particular ways regardless of what goals one looks for or what one’s ends may be

A

Categorical imperative

30
Q

It demands action without qualification, without any ifs, and without regard to the consequence such an act may produce

A

Categorical imperative

31
Q

T or F; Unlike hypothetical imperative, categorical imperative is not accepted on its own merits

A

False

32
Q

It serves as the barometer of reason determining whether or not an action qualifies as ethical

A

Categorical imperative

33
Q

Most famous formulation of the categorical
imperative

A

Universalizability

34
Q

A person ought always to behave as if his course of conduct were to become a universal code of behavior

A

Universalizability

35
Q

“Act only on that maxim through which you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law”.

A

Univesalizability

36
Q

States “So act as to use humanity, both in your own person and in the person of every other, always at the same time as an end, never simply as a means.”

A

End-in-itself

37
Q

This rendition teaches, among other things, to respect persons as ends in themselves and not only as means or instruments to further self-interest

A

End-in-itself

38
Q

T or F; Another shortcoming of Kant’s ethics is its lack of solution to instances when there is conflict of duties

A

True

39
Q

T or F; Kant appears consistent

A

False (inconsistent)

40
Q

He saw a distinctive correlation and difference between the intent of the law and the enforcement of law

A

Immanuel Kant

41
Q

When applied to war, this states that in order for a war to be deemed morally justifiable, the intention of entering into war ought to be right in relation to human rights

A

Rights Theory

42
Q

broad moral theory in which Kant’s principle of rights theory is included

A

Rights-based Ethics

43
Q

“There are some rights, both positive and negative, that all humans have based only on the fact that they are human”

A

Rights-based theory

44
Q

is one of the main supporters of this system which takes the viewpoint of what the ideal world looks like and generates a rights system based on those ideas

A

John Locke

45
Q

“justified claim that individuals and groups can
make upon other individuals or upon society, to
have a right is to be in a position to determine by one’s choices, what other should do or need nor do”

A

Right

46
Q

T or F; Rights cannot be legal in nature, or pertain to human rights or moral rights

A

False

47
Q

Rights; refer to what ought to be

A

Moral rights

48
Q

Rights; refers to rights that are ‘on the books’

A

Legal rights

49
Q

Rights; embody the conventional positive law

A

Legal rights

50
Q

Rights; represent the natural law

A

Moral rights

51
Q

Denote all the rights found within existing legal codes

A

Legal Rights

52
Q

Rights; Questions to their existence can be resolved by just locating the pertinent legal instrument or piece of legislation

A

Legal Rights

53
Q

Rights; Does not exist prior to its passing into the law and the limits of its validity are set by the jurisdiction of the body which passed its legislation

A

Legal Rights

54
Q

Are rights that “exist prior to and independently
from their legal counterparts”

A

Moral Rights

55
Q

T or F; It must be clear that human rights can be reduced to, or exclusively identified with legal rights

A

False (cannot)

56
Q

T or F; Legal rights are meant to apply to all human beings universally, regardless of whether or not they have attained legal recognition by all countries everywhere

A

Fasle (Human rights)

57
Q

T or F; Human rights are best thought of as being BOTH moral and legal rights

A

True

Ethics (15 decks)

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