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History > M of A - The West > Flashcards

M of A - The West Flashcards

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1
Q

where were the plains

A

area of open grassland between the mississippi river on the east and rocky mountains west

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2
Q

who controlled the western coastal regions initially

A

spanish/mexicans as it was fertile and productive

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3
Q

when did the very first migration to the west start

A

1820s

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4
Q

features of migration from 1820s

A

fur trappers
established american fur company rendezvous in rocky mountains
traded with native americans , peaceful until 40s

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5
Q

factors for migration west

A

1837 economic downturn
1848 california taken from mexico
migrants wanted to build better lives on farming land
adverts about improvement of life in oregon/california
1841 pre emotion act stopped land speculators buying all land
1845 manifest destiny
1840 mountain men and explorers mapped routes and trails
mission to convert native americans to christianity

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6
Q

when was the economic downturn

A

1837

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7
Q

what did the economic downturn mean

A

price of wheat collapsed
no opportunities east

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8
Q

when did california become a us state

A

1848

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9
Q

when was the preemption act

A

1841

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10
Q

what did the pre emption act do

A

stopped land speculators buying all land - any farmer who built a house were given priority to buy surround ding land so it was cheaper to move west

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11
Q

when was manifest destiny

A

1845

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12
Q

when did mountain men and explorers map routes

A

1840

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13
Q

push factors for migration west

A

1837 us banking system collapsed
land in the east was filling up

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14
Q

how many whites travelled. between 1839 and 1860

A

100,000 white settlers

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15
Q

how did most travel west

A

by wagon and travelled far

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16
Q

what happened in 1851 at fort laramie

A

tribes granted usa rights to establish forts and safe routes across plains for compensation

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17
Q

tension on plains

A

1851 at fort laramie
sioux hunting grounds cut in two

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18
Q

conflict in oregon

A

1855 gov treaty with yakima
NA,s gave up land for settlers- meant to be delayed 2 years but came after 12 days
felt cheated and raided white settlements
lost 90% of lands and 24 chiefs killed after us army called in

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19
Q

features of a typical emigrant journey to oregon

A

traveller decided on route and company of travellers
had travel guides and equip
spent winter on one of the towns along the missouri river such iowa or missouri
possessions in wagon and joined wagon train of 20 or more
wagon carried flour, salt, sugar , guns
stopped at fort laramie and fort kearny for rest
wagons taken under passes over rocky mountains
arrived at fort hall and decided to go to cali or oregon with challenge of blue mountains

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20
Q

issues with the wagons

A

only travelled 18-20 miles a day
got stuck and caused broken bones or crush injuries
died of cholera or typhoid
stampeding buffalo, attacks, heat, rain

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21
Q

issues with rocky mountains

A

if arrived too late in autumn had to spend winter in plains
struggled with possessions, children and animals
snows could trap them in mountains leaving to starvation

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22
Q

issues on final journey into oregon and california

A

disease
late summer or autumn floods

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23
Q

positives of final leg into oregon and cali

A

local native american tribes helped to ferry travellers down rivers

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24
Q

when did the sagar family start to move to oregon

A

may 1844

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25
Q

what problems did the sagar family have at start of journey

A

high rainfall
ground turned to mud

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26
Q

who broke their leg on the journey

A

catherine sagar by jumping from a moving wagon when following the platte river

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27
Q

what happened to sagar family at fort laramie

A

disease spread
henry sagar died and buried in tree trunk coffin
naomi became ill and died making children orphans

28
Q

who adopted the sagar children

A

marcus and narcissa whitman a christian mission

29
Q

what caused most sagar children to be killed

A

1847 measles swept through indian tribe
blamed whitmans and emigrants
hacked marcus whitman to death
shot narcissa
set home alight killing 13

30
Q

why was the sagar journey atypical

A

the more common cause of death was disease rather than attacks from natives
people more likely to shoot themselves rather than indians shooting them
indian conflict was with gov usually as they benefit by trading with settlers a charging them for food and supplies

31
Q

when were the mormon group set up

A

early 19th century

32
Q

what did mormans want

A

to practise their religion
practice polygamy freely
share ownership of land

33
Q

who was the mormon leader

A

brigham young

34
Q

when was salt lake city established

A

1840s

35
Q

population of salt lake city by 1852

A

10,000

36
Q

features of salt lake city

A

irrigation ditches to allow farming
church decided how much land each family god
nobody allowed to own water
mormon temple at centre of city which was modelled on paris

37
Q

what did brigham young become in 1850

A

the first governor of utah

38
Q

what happened in utah 1848

A

the us gov seized the area around salt lake from mexicans which brought the mormons back into the usa

39
Q

response to utah becoming part of america

A

brigham young applied for utah to be us state , was refused and added as a territory with him as governor

40
Q

what happened in 1857 utah

A

government sent in troops to force young to bring it into line with us ;was
as people in east worried the growth of mormon religion

41
Q

what attack happened in 1857

A

band of mormons led by john d lee massacred white settlers they thought were spies
lee blamed indians for the murders
forced young to step down as governor
utah had to follow us laws

42
Q

when did the california gold rush start

A

1848

43
Q

why did the cali gold rush start

A

gold discovered in sutters mill

44
Q

what happened in 1849 cali gold rush

A

over 50,000 americans headed to strike it rich
known was the 49ers
na,s began to dig too but driven into mountains

45
Q

what encouraged people to go to california originally

A

stories of men making 1000 a day when normal salary 2-3 dollars

46
Q

how did people make money in 1849 on cali gold rush

A

merchants sold basic supplies for 5x more than east
levi strauss sld hardwearing denim trousers - boost cotton production in south

47
Q

what happened in 1850 with gold rush

A

applied to be a state
mining towns grew
caused flooding, pollution from chemicals and harmed lands of native american tribes

48
Q

what happened to surface gold by 1852

A

surface gold neatly all gone
so 108 companies employed men to dig
worked for tiny wages

49
Q

impact of california gold rush

A

san francisco grew to be a city of 34,000 people and became a busy trading port

50
Q

what did the railroad link do

A

link to the east as many left families to find gold

51
Q

native american impacts of gold rush

A

1848 tried to dig for gold alongside and shot dead
violence encouraged by Californian gov
1850 law passed stating if an indian could not prove he had a job would be arrested and sold for slave labour

52
Q

features of mining settlements in california

A

built quickly
heavily male dominated
gambling dens and saloons
many miners forced native people away from land to set up camps
robberies and murders common
women went as prostitutws or sold food or did laundry

53
Q

how was getting gold in california made more efficient

A

1852 huge crushing mills needed to extract gold
funded by businessmen from the east

54
Q

when was gold discovered in kansas territory

A

1858

55
Q

how many people journeyed to kansas by 1859

A

100,000

56
Q

why was pikes peak gold rush different to california

A

was on the east side of the rocky mountains so easier for gold prospectors to get to
there were town boosters

57
Q

how many miles to pikes peak from st joseph

A

600 miles

58
Q

which methods of transport used to get to kansas

A

sail wagon
railroad

59
Q

what did town boosters do

A

published maps on the best ways to get to the gold fields
claimed the best route was through their town

60
Q

example of town booster

A

central route claimed smoky hill river reached the gold fields when it stopped well short
a group travelling it ran out of water and a man ate a fellow traveller and half of his brother to stay alive

61
Q

when did kansas become a state

A

1861

62
Q

how did farming increase in kansas

A

could make a living by selling food to new towns springing up in the gold mining districts

63
Q

what did the formation of kansas territory in 1854 mean

A

gold prospectors could settle with the assurance of government protection

64
Q

when were treaties signed establishing routes across na land in pikes peak gr

A

1851
1853

65
Q

how were the treaties with ñas broken in p p g r

A

white settlers wanted to settle on the plains
settlement of kansas and colorado
tribes like the cheyenne and klowa began to fight against white settlers on the plains

66
Q

impact of pikes peak gold rush on NAs

A

towns like denver and colorado grew rapidly where cheyenne and arapaho lived
1859 cheyenne and arapaho leaders met the us authorities at fort laramie to express anger
1860 war and conflict between usa and plains tribes inevitable

History (28 decks)

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