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History > M of A - West Expansion > Flashcards

M of A - West Expansion Flashcards

1
Q

what did manifest destiny neglect to tell

A

the story of slavery or presence of native americans in lands that the white americans sought to control

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2
Q

when was the railroad project to connect the east and west

A

1861-1869

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3
Q

what did the plains become in 1860s-70s

A

a battleground between native americans and white americans

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4
Q

when did abraham lincoln pass the pacific railroad act

A

1862

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5
Q

when did abraham lincoln pass the pacific railroad act

A

1862

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6
Q

what did the pacific railroad act do

A

gave money to companies willing to build a railroad connecting the east and west
railroad companies given land on either side of tracks

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7
Q

who built the transcontinental railroad

A

union pacific company built from the east
central pacific built from the west

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8
Q

when was the railroad completed

A

1869

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9
Q

what did railway companies to do improve construction

A

hired runners to kill buffaloherds near sites
upset indians

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10
Q

how much was made from railroad

A

1864- 50 million to start building

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11
Q

impact on workers of railroad

A

over 12,000 were chinese immigrants
recieved little pay
dangerous conditions
acicident rates high

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12
Q

when was the homestead act

A

1862

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13
Q

what did the homestead act do

A

offered 160 acres of land on the plains to anyone who would live there for 5 years and improve the land by farming and building a house

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14
Q

how much land was bought in homestead act

A

270 million acres

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15
Q

how much money did charles good night and oliver. loving make from cattle

A

1866 made 24000 by selling 2000 cattle

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16
Q

how did cattle ranching happen

A

millions of cows allowed free reign on the open lands

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17
Q

how did cattle ranching effect native americans

A

taking cattle over the plains known as the long drive
long drives disrupted native american tribes hunting grounds

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18
Q

features of cow towns

A

located on railroad lines
where cattle bought and sold
first was abilene
cowboys rested and spent wages there
located along chisholm trail
violent and drunken places but by 180s many had sheriffs

19
Q

features of cattle ranches

A

located on the plains
set up so cattle didn’t have to be driven all the way from texas
first cattle rancher john illiff
cattle roamed free and cowboys needed to stop them roaming too far
needed a lot of grass and water
overgrazing a big problem

20
Q

why did weather affect movement to plains

A

1860s unusually good period for rain on the plains so more desirable

21
Q

how did technology affect movement to the plains

A

allowed water to be extracted from ground easily

22
Q

difficulties of homesteaders

A

plains a long way from big towns so getting supplies difficult
few trees so hard to build big houses
lack of clean water led to cholera
climate harsh - deep snow then above 30 degrees sumer
keeping clean difficult as houses had earth floor- mice, fleas
farming hard- plains open so harsh winds destroy crops extreme heat caused fires, ploughing land farmed as never farmed before, buffalo trampled across farmland
locusts swarmed plains destroying crops, leather boots and window frames

23
Q

solutions by homesteaders

A

houses built of earth instead of wood so low cost and quick
farmers grouped together tp build schools and churches
wind pumps used to harness power of prairie winds
farmers learned dry farming techniques , brought what such as turkey red which needed less water
barbed wire fencing
pooled resources
women helped in ploughing
shared crops
children collected buffalo chips to burn for cooking/heating

24
Q

what were reservations

A

set aside pieces of land which didn’t interfere with white settlement

25
Q

cause of little crows war

A

little crow (chief of santee sioux) signed a reservation agreement giving up 28 mil acres of land in return for us supplies
facing starvation 1862 but reservation agent refused to open emergency stores

26
Q

when did little crow sign the reservation agreement

A

1861

27
Q

events of little crows war

A

1862 summer little crown led his warriors and attacked white farms and settlements in minnesota
killed 500 settlers including a trader who’s mouth was stuffed with grass
minnesota militia fought back and little crow surrounded and killed in sept 1862

28
Q

aftermath of little crows war

A

1862 38 santee sioux publicly hanged
100s sent to prison
remaining forced to move to crow creek reservation in dakota where 400 died in the first winter

29
Q

how many killed in the sand creek massacre

A

133

30
Q

when was the sand creek massacre

A

1864

31
Q

what did the us gov do in 1861 to cheyenne and arapaho

A

forced them onto a small resevration between the arkansas river and sand creek
where they couldn’t survive and had little supplies

32
Q

cheyenne response to being forced onto reservation

A

hunt and attack white settlements
1864 lincoln granted governor of colorado permission to fight the indian treat
third colorado volunteers formed
cheif black kettle and southern cheyenne came to discuss peace and volunteers known as bloodless third

33
Q

what was the actual sand creek massacre

A

13th november a white settler killed by a young cheyenne warrior
29th november third colorado volunteers rode down on black kettles camp and killed 133 cheyenne

34
Q

when did sioux sign the fort laramie treaty

A

1851

35
Q

causes of red clouds war

A

sioux signed treaty with gov to promise to respect sioux lands
1862 gold discovered in sioux reservation
miners began pouring along bozeman trail
red cloud of lakota sioux led attacks on miners
government set up army forts on the land

36
Q

events of red cloud war

A

between 1866 and 1868 red cloud and warriors fought us army with other lakota leaders including crazy horse
us army sent captain fetterman who took 80 troops but underestimated red cloud and rode into a trap and were slaughtered

37
Q

aftermath of red cloud war

A

government signed 2nd fort laramie treaty 1868
treaty gave sioux more land including black hills of dakota and promised no settlers would enter
us gov decided needed to be tougher from then onward
from 1868 control of conflict handed to generals sheridan and sherman who were union soldiers

38
Q

when was the great sioux war

A

1875

39
Q

what led to the great sioux war

A

gold discovered in black hills of dakota
black hills significant to sioux people as believed the great spirit created the sioux within those hills

40
Q

2nd part leading to great sioux war

A

us gov ordered all sioux to return to great sioux reservation back to hunting grounds by jan 1876
by spring a large band led by chief sitting bull had not returned so army sent to bring them back

41
Q

what happened when other indians heard of sitting bulls refusal

A

more dog soldiers joined
by june 6000 soldiers with him
us gov send out scouts to spy on sitting bull but did not believe them when they reported number in his camp
sent 475 cavalrymen under leadership of general custer causing battle of little bighorn

42
Q

features of custers leading

A

split the forces into 3 and ordered that they surround the sioux from 3 sides
when one of these groups was defeated by the indians he refused to wait for reinforcements and pushed on with his advance
determined to be the first to reach little bighorn river
him and his men slaughtered in minutes

43
Q

what happened to end great sioux war

A

army kept chasing sitting bull and killed him
all sioux bands rounded up and rations supplied to great sioux reservation stopped
sioux had weapons and horses confiscated and forced to sell lands including the black hills and move onto tiny reservations

History (28 decks)

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