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Foundations 2 > Lymphatic System Histology > Flashcards

Lymphatic System Histology Flashcards

1
Q

What tissue are all lymphocytes derived from?

A

stem cells in the bone marrow

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2
Q

Where do T lymphocytes undergo initial differentiation?

A

thymus

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3
Q

Where do B lymphocytes undergo initial differentiation?

A

bone marrow microenvironment

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4
Q

central or primary organs

A

where lymphocytes independently of antigen, proliferate and idfferentiate into naive or virgin cells

organs include thymus and bone marrow

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5
Q

peripheral or secondary organs

A

the site where naive or virgin cells migrate to to differentiatie

where lymphocytes interact with antigen, transform into large proliferating cells and mature into antigen specific cells

main organs are lymph nodes, spleen, MALT tissue

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6
Q

thymus

A

bilobed, pyramidal shpaed, lobulated organ

site of T cell differentiation and proliferation

at puberty it undergoes involution, though some remnants may remain

specialized epithelial cells secrete cytokines to help the thymocytes

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7
Q

bone marrow

A

T cells originate here, but this is the primary site of B cell differentiation to naive B cells

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8
Q

hematogone cells

A

immature B cells in the bone marrow

undergo various stages of maturation that can be detected by antigen profiles

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9
Q

major compartments of the lymph node

A

follicles

marginal zone

paracortical region

medulla

sinuses

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10
Q

What are the two major components that make up the circulation of the lymph?

A

1) the blood vascular component, which consists of an afferent arteriole and an efferent venule that enter and leave via the hilus
2) the lymphatic component which consists of the cortical afferent lymphatics, the subcapsular sinus, the trabecular sunuses, medullary sinuses, hilus, and efferent lymphatics

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11
Q

four components of MALT tissue in the GI tract

A

1) the unencapsulated lymphoid tissue (such as Peyer’s patches)
2) the lamina propria lymphocytes, plasma cells, and macrophages
3) the mucosal intra-epithelial lymphocytes
4) the mesenteric lymph nodes

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12
Q

What encapsulates the spleen, and what is it made up of?

A

encapsulated by dense connective tissue, which sends trabeculae into the pulp

consists of red and white pulp

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13
Q

white pulp

A

composed of the PALS (periarteriolar lymphoid sheath - T cell rich area) and nodules of cells containing germinal centers (B cell rich areas)

wide marginal zones where marginal lymphocytes are inclose proximity to the blood traversing through the spleen

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14
Q

red pulp

A

composed of splenic sinuses and cords, which acts as a filter and removal site of damaged red cells

also contains macrophages important in removing debris and foreign material as well as retrieving iron from removed red cells

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15
Q

chyle

A

a milky fluid composed of emulsified fats and lymph

joins the circulatory system at the thoracic duct

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16
Q

Describe the process of lymphatic development

A

develop from lateral plate mesoderm -> form endothelial-lined sacs -> endothelial sprouts -> branch and develop lumens -> peripheral lymphatics

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17
Q

developmentment of lymph nodes

A

primary lymph nodes develop after the lymphatic system is established

8-11 weeks - plexus of lymphatics with mesenchymal tissue

13 weeks - development of sinuses

fetus - primarily of sinuses and a capsule iwth an increasing number of lymphocytes

follicles do not appear until after birth

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18
Q

characteristics of lymph vessels

A

lined by lymphatic endothelium, very little baesment membrane

thin muscular media if diameter is >0.2mm

thoracic duct has 3 layers of smooth muscle

can be filled with lymphocytes

19
Q

D2-40

A

marker expressed by lymphatic endothelium

20
Q

CD34

A

vascular endothelial marker, usually not expressed on lymphatic vessels

21
Q

Describe the pressure gradient from vessels of largest pressure to vessels of lowest pressure.

A

blood capillaries -> interstitial fluid -> small lymphatics -> large lymphatics -> lymphatic ducts -> large veins

22
Q

lacteals

A

blind-ended lymphatic channels in the small intestine

located beneath epithelium, takes up the free faty acids and emulsified fats

areas of low pressure

23
Q

Describe the movement of lymph through the nodes.

A

enters via afferent vessels -> subcapsular sinuses -> intermediate sinuses -> lymphatic labyrinth -> medullary sinuses -> exits via efferent vessels

24
Q

Which two structures in a lymph node are lined by lymphatic endothelial cells and macrophages?

A

intermediate and medullary sinuses

25
Q

Describe lymphocyte movement thorugh the lymph node.

A

enter via high endothelial venules -> traverse lymph node parenchyma -> lymphatic labyrinth -> medullary sinuses -> efferent vessels

26
Q

TdT

A

found on immature lymphocytes, occasionally seen in myeloid cells

27
Q

CD3

A

pan T cell markers

28
Q

CD4

A

helper T cell marker

29
Q

CD8

A

suppressor/cytotoxic T cell marker

30
Q

PAX5

A

B cell marker (occurs before CD20)

31
Q

CD20

A

B cell marker

32
Q

kappa/gamma

A

immunoglobin light chains

33
Q

CD68

A

macrophage marker

34
Q

follicle of lymph node

A

mantle zone - naive cells meet antigen

germinal center - proliferating cells (centroblasts) differentiate into antigen-specific B cells

35
Q

marginal zone of lymph node

A

memory B cells reside here

36
Q

medulla of lymph node

A

B cell area, accumulation of plasma cells

37
Q

paracortex

A

mainly T cell area, site of entrance of lymphoid cells and of accessory cells - T/B ce ll interaction

38
Q

sinus of lymph nodes

A

macrophage area - “sieve” functions

39
Q

functions of the spleen

A

filtration (debris, foreign material)

immune response

hematopoiesis

reserve of blood elements (dogs)

40
Q

lamina propria

A

mostly T cells

CD4:CD8 = 4:1

plasmacells and preferentially IgA+

41
Q

intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs)

A

most are T cells

most are alpha or beta positive

m10-15% are gamma or delta positive

rarely CD56 positive

42
Q

What is the main difference between mesenteric lymph nodes and regular lymph nodes?

A

the main difference is that the marginal zones are more prominent

43
Q

Derscribe the MALT imprinting system.

A

Foundations 2 (33 decks)

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