Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Foundations 2 > Embryology I and II > Flashcards

Embryology I and II Flashcards

1
Q

ovulation

A

the release of a maturing egg (ovum) from an ovarian follicle at the surfaces of the ovary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How long is the developing zygote a blastocyst?

A

weeks 1-2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How long is a zygote an embryo?

A

weeks 3-8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How long is a zygote a fetus?

A

weeks 8-term

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which period generates most birth defects?

A

weeks 3-8 during the embryo stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

fimbriae

A

a structure of the uterine tube that covers the ovary and guides the ovum into the uterine tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where does conception usually take place?

A

the distal third of the uterine tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

morula

A

a tight ball of cells that is formed shortly after fertilization

forms by day 4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

components of the blastocyst

A

outer shell, trophoblast, inner cell mass, amnion, and yolk sac (umbilical vesicle)

forms by day 5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

implantation

A

the blastocyst normally sinks into the upper posterior uterine wall (endometrium or decidus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

two components of the trophoblast

A

outer syncytiotrophoblast (syntrophoblast) and inner cytotrophoblast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

chorion

A

consists of the syntophoblast, cytotrophoblast, and extra-embryonic mesoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

amnion

A

consists of ectoderm and its extra-embryonic mesodermal coat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

yolk sac (umbilical vesicle)

A

consists of endoderm and extra-embryonic mesoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What happens 10 days post-fertilization?

A

syncytiotrophoblast layers differentiate

yolk sac forms

extraembryonic mesoderm appears

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What happens days 11-13 post-fertilization?

A

extraembryonic mesoderm cavitates

implantation nears completion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What structures do the extraembryonic mesoderm (mesenchyme) form?

A

connective tissue core of the villi and the blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What happens to the cytotrophoblast?

A

disappears midway through pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

sites of ectopic pregnancies

A

tubal, abdominal, ovarian, cervical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

origin of the syncytiotrophoblast

A

forms from the outer part of the trophoblast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

origin of the hypoblast (future endoderm)

A

differentiates from inner cell mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

which cells of the trophoblast generates the embryo

A

epiblast + hypoblast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

main event sof the second week of development

A

implantation and extra-embryonic membrane formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

three layers of the chorion

A

syncytiotrophoblast, cytotrophoblast, and mesoderm forming the connective tissue core of the villus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

extraembryonic coelom

A

forms as the extraembryonic mesoderm becomes hollow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

smooth corion

A

covers the amnion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

villous chorion

A

conists of the placental villi, the primary components of the placenta, both are derived fromt he trophoblast

28
Q

decidua basalis

A

the maternal component of the placenta

29
Q

decidua capsularis

A

the “bag” with chorion and amnion

30
Q

decidua parietalis

A

the uninvolved uterine mucosa

31
Q

anchoring villi

A

extend through the thickness of the placenta to connect with the decidua basalis

32
Q

free villi

A

branch from the anchoring villi for many generations, bathed directly in maternal blood as the site of metabolic exchange

33
Q

cytotrophoblastic shell

A

at the interface between the villous chorion and decidua basalis, firmly attach the placenta to the endometrium

at birth the shell and villous chorion separate from the decidua basalis and are expelled with the fetal membranes as “afterbirth”

34
Q

cotyledons

A

circular, convex structures on the placental surface that are formed from the decidua basalis as the connective tissue septa extend into the villous chorion

35
Q

primitive not (or node)

A

forms a midline cord of mesoderm, the notochord

36
Q

primitive streak

A

ectoderm behind the primitive knot that ofrms all the rest of the intraembryonic mesoderm

37
Q

notochord

A

induces the neural plate, only remains as the nucleus pulposis of intervertebral discs

38
Q

paraxial columns

A

form segmental somites bone, muscle and dermis of skin

39
Q

intermediate columns

A

contribute to the urogenital system

40
Q

lateral plates

A

forms pleura, peritoneum, and connective tissue of organs and body wall

41
Q

development of monozygotic vs. dizygotic twins

A

dizygotic twins - two chorions, two placentas, two amnions

monozygotic twins - one chorion and one placenta, but two amnions

42
Q
A
43
Q

What happens in week 3 of development?

A

gastrulation - creates a third germ layer, elongation of the embryonic disc

44
Q

neural tube

A

forms as the ectoderm in front of the receding primitive streak, induced by the notochord to form a thickened, ectodermal, neural plate, which will invaginate and sink into the embryo as the neural tube

45
Q

neural crest

A

cells from here pinch off during tube formation and play an important role in forming peripheral nerves and many tissues in the head and neck

46
Q

prechordal plate

A

the future oropharyngeal membrane

47
Q

intra-embryonic mesoderm

A

primitive streak and node give off cells which made up this third embryonic germ layer

48
Q

four structures formed by condensation of the intra-embryonic mesoderm

A

notochord

paraxial mesoderm

intermediate mesoderm

lateral plate

49
Q

connecting stalk

A

the only physical connection between the embryo and placenta, shifts toward the tail-end of the embryo and will form the umbilical cord

50
Q

oral and cloacal membranes

A

sites of the future mouth and anus, respectively, where ectoderm remains in firtm contact with the endoderm

51
Q

cardiogenic plate

A

mesoderm in front of the oral membrane (derived from the primitive streak) that will form the heart

the heart starts functioning by day 21

52
Q

allantois

A

a vestigial membrane in humans consisting of an endodermal evagination of the yolk sac into the mesoderm of the connecting stalk

the fourth and final extra-embryonic membrane

will shift from the yolk sac (umbilical vesicle) to the hindgut of the GI tract within the embryo

53
Q

notochord

A

disc nucleus pulposis

induces neurulation

54
Q

paraxial mesoderm

A

future somites for bone, muscle, C.T.

55
Q

intermediate mesoderm

A

future UG system including kidneys and gonads

56
Q

lateral plate

A

future body wall and cavities

gut wall

57
Q

function of yolk sac

A

nourishes embryo early on, but later there is no yolk

later becomes the first source of embryonic blood cells

58
Q

shaping the gastrula

A

the aminon begins to tuck around the side of the tri-laminar disc to form a cylinder

it also tucks around the head and tail

59
Q

somatopleure

A

surface ectoderm plus mesoderm from the lateral plate

forms the basis of the lateral and ventral body wall

eventually forms the skin of the limbs and all of the connective tissue components

60
Q

splanchnopleure

A

ectoderm plus mesoderm from the lateral plate

will form the visceral structures such as walls of the gut tube and the mesenteries that support it

61
Q

myotomes

A

somite mytotomes migrate into the somatopleure

62
Q

parietal pleura and peritoneum

A

line their respective body cavities and develop from somatopleure

form the innermost layer of the body wall

63
Q

mesenteries

A

two sheets of visceral peritoneum (with some fat and connective tissue) that suspend the gut tube from the body wall and provide a route for vessels and nerves to supply the gastro-intestinal organs

64
Q

visceral peritoneum and pleura

A

develop from splanchnopleure and form the mesenteries and the coverings of the visceral organs

65
Q

septum transversum

A

a transverse condensation of primitive streak mesenchyme that separates the thoracic (pleural) and abdominal (peritoneal) cavities just caudal to the developing heart

it will form part of the diaphragm and the connective tissue framework (stroma) of the liver

66
Q

splanchnopleure

A

the source of most GI organs, buds off of the gut tube

GI tube itself will form the pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small an d large intestines, and the rectum

67
Q

somites

A

form skeletal muscles, bones, and dermis of the skin in the back

Foundations 2 (33 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions