The Lymphatic System Flashcards

1
Q

tissues with significant populations of lymphocytes

A

spleen, tonsils, thymus, appendix, lymph vessels, lymph nodes and nodules, bone marrow, gut-associated lymphatic tissue

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2
Q

functions of the lymphatic system

A

drain excess fluid

re-circulate proteins

absorb emulsified fats via lacteals

body defense mechanism including humoral and cell-mediated immunity

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3
Q

humoral immunity

A

B-cells that differentiate into plasma cells for antibodty production

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4
Q

cell-mediated immunity

A

T-cells that become killer cells

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5
Q

Describe the growth curves of the lymphatic system, the brain, the reproductive system, and in general.

A

lymphatic system grows to a peak in early childhood and then shrinks as a person goes into adulthood

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6
Q

general plan of lymph drainage

A

lymph enters the lymphatic capillaries and eventually enters the blood stream at the junction of the internal jugular and subclavian veins at the root of the neck

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7
Q

lymphatic capillaries

A

bein blindly with no connection to blood capillaries

endothelial cells have no basal lamina and the cells have gaps between them

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8
Q

Describe the flow of lympth through the lymph nodes.

A

afferent lymphatic vessels -> sub-capsular, trabecular, and medullary sinuses -> efferent lymphatics

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9
Q

PALS

A

periarterial lymphatic sheats - lymphatic tissue surrounding arteries

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10
Q

stratification of flow through the body wall

A

lymph vessels above the umbilicus -> drain into axillary lymph nodes -> going deep to form subclavian trunk

lymph vessels below the umbilicus -> drain int the superficial inguinal lymph nodes -> pierces the deep body wall -> deep inguinal nodes

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11
Q

deep lymph flow towards the veins of the neck

A

primpary pathway goes from plexus of lymphatic vessels and nodes around the abdominal aorta -> cranial flow through abdomen -> aortic lymphatics converge on dilated cysterna chyli below diaphragm -> continues as the thoracic duct -> junctions to left internal jugular and subclavian veins

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12
Q

three routes lymph can use to enter the blood

A

jugular trunks

subclavian trunks

bronchomediastinal trunks

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13
Q

thoracic duct

A

continuation of the cysterna chili, which continues from the diaphragm to the junction of the left internal jugular and subclavian veins

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14
Q

cysterna chyli

A

lymphatic structure formed from the convergence of the aortic lymphatics

dilation before the thoracic duct

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15
Q

axillary or superficial inguinal nodes

A

the location where most lymph in the superficial body wall first drains into

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16
Q

lymph flow in leg

A

superficial lymph flows up to the superficial inguinal lymph nodes

deep lymph follows the large v essels to the deep inguinal nodes under the deep or investing fascia at or within the femoral canal

17
Q

lymph flow from lateral food, ankle, and posterior calf

A

drain deep into popliteal nodes whech then flow into the deep lymphatic tissues

18
Q

femoral sheath

A

superficial and deep lymph converge here

envelops the femoral artery, femoral vein, and lymphatics

lymphatics go through the femoral canal

the femoral nerve is outside of the femoral sheath

19
Q

Describe the stratification of lymph flow from the rectum

A

pectineal line separates internal iliac vessels and inferior mesenteric vessels with superficial inguinal nodes, which goes to the body wall

20
Q

sources of lymph that lead to the aortic lymphatics

A

lower back muscles

abdominal muscles

entire lower extremity

abdominal organs

pelvic organs

superficial body wall of lower trunk

21
Q

arm lymphatics

A

superficial and deep lymph in the upper extremity flow to the axillary lymph nodes

subclavian trunk drains lymph from the axillary nodes into the veins of the neck on each side

22
Q

lymph drainage from the heart and lungs

A

through the bronchomediastinal trunks, lymph passing to opposite sides

other small vessels piercing the veins

23
Q

lymphogenous metastasis

A

spread of cancer via the lymphatic system

24
Q

lymphangitis

A

inflammation of lymph vessels

25
Q

lymphadenitis

A

inflammation of lymph nodes

26
Q

elephantitis

A

chronic blockage of lymph vessels that produces marked swelling of the infected region

can be produced by the ova of a small, tropical parasitic worm

27
Q

lymphatic drainage of the breast

A

primary route is to the axillary lymph nodes

second dary routes are to the opposite breast, deep to parasternal nodes in the mediastinum with connections to the liver through the diaphragm

can also go to the superficial inguinal nodes in rare cases