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Foundations 2 > ANS Review > Flashcards

ANS Review Flashcards

1
Q

anatomical subdivisions of the ANS

A

cranial parasympathetic nerves

thoracic and lumbar sympathetic nerves

sacral parasympthatic nerves

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2
Q

preganglionic nerve fibers of the ANS

A

cell bodies originate entirely within the CNS, myelinated terminals

synapse in the autonomic ganglai which are entirely outside the CNS

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3
Q

postganglionic nerve fibers of the ANS

A

cell bodies entirely within the autonimic ganglia

non-myelinated

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4
Q

neuroeffector junctions

A

formed by post-ganglionic nerve terminals synapsing with effectors

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5
Q

sympathetic ganglia

A

near the spinal cord at considerable distance from ultimate effectors

one sympathetic preganglionic fiber distributres its activity in a diffuse fashion to many postganglionic fibers at distant sites

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6
Q

parasympathetic ganglia

A

located very near or even embedded int he target effector with a preganglionic fiber synapsing nearby the effector with its postganglionic partner

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7
Q

types of ANS nerves and their neurotransmitters

A

parasympathetic - ACh and ACh

sympathetic ACh and Nor

sympathetic cholinergic ACh and ACh

adrenal medulla

ACh and release of Adr and Nor into blood

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8
Q

control of popul diameter

A

sympathetic stimulation - myadrasis from superior cervical ganglion, norepinephrine

parasympathetic stimulation miosis miosis - oculomotor nerve, acetylcholine

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9
Q

sympathetic vs. sympathetic effects on bronchioles

A

sympathetic dilation

parasympathetic constriction

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10
Q

sympathetic vs. sympathetic effects on the gastro-intestinal

A

sympathetic constipation

parasympathetic defecation

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11
Q

sympathetic vs. sympathetic effects on the urinary bladder

A

sympathetic urinary retention

parasympathetic micturition

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12
Q

sympathetic vs. sympathetic effects on the heart

A

sympathetic increases heart rate and contractile force

parasympathetic decreases heart rate and has no direct effect on contractile force

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13
Q

sympathetic vs. sympathetic effects on the liver

A

parasympathetic - glycogen synthesis

sympathetic glycogenolysis and gluconeogeneiss

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14
Q

sympathetic vs. sympathetic effects on the liver on fat depots

A

sympathetic fatty acid release

parasympathetic no effects

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15
Q

sympathetic vs. sympathetic effects on the liver

A

sympathetic causes constriction via alpha1 adrenoreceptors - major determinant of blood pressure

parasympathetic has no effect

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16
Q

parasympathetic effect on sexual function

A

promotes erection and mucous secretion, transmitter here is nitric oxide

17
Q

sympathetic effect on sexual function

A

smooth muscle contractions and secretions in both males and females

18
Q

somatic response of sexual function

A

after parasympathetic and sympathetic actions there is a somatic response that leads to skeletal muscle contractions and ejaculation in males

19
Q

detumescence

A

loss of arousal via sympathetic alpha1 vasoconstriction

20
Q

piloerector contraction

A

hairs stand on end via sympathetics

21
Q

sympathetic vs. sympathetic effects on the spleen

A

sympatetic contraction and release of erythrocytes, no parasympathetic effects

22
Q

sympathetic vs. sympathetic effects on salivary secretion

A

parallel actions

sympathetic small volume of potassium and water

parasympathetic serous and watery

23
Q

focal hyperhydrosis

A

excessive sweating in the armpits, treatable with BOTOX A

24
Q

sympathetic vs. sympathetic effects on sweating

A

apocrine glands are not innervated

responds to epinephrine released from the adrenal medulla

25
Q

parasympathetic secretions

A

nasopharyngeal glands

acid secreting glands

lachrimal glands

exocrine pancreas

endocrine pancreas

26
Q

sympathetic vs. sympathetic effects on insulin secretion

A

sympathetic inhibits secretion

parasympathetic stimulates secretion

27
Q

Which division of the ANS dominates normally?

A

parasympathetic tone predominates

exception is the sympathetic tone to blood vessels, which is unopposed by parasympathetic innervation

28
Q

pupil effects of Lambert-Eaton, Myasthenia Gravis, and Botulism

A

LEMS - pupils constricted a little but responds sluggishly to light, wrong flavor of calcium channel blocked

MG - does not affect pupils because it is a strictly motor neuron/muscle defect

botulism - fixed dilated pupils because BOTOX blocks ACh release of mydriasis

29
Q

sympathetic tone and blood vessels, state the relevant equations

A

main control of blood pressure

BP = CO x TPR

TPR = (length x viscosity x constant)/(pi x radius^4)

small changes in radius has large impacts on the total peripheral resistance

30
Q

barostatic reflex

A

increased blood pressure sensed by stretchr eceptors in teh aortic arch and carotid sinus

increases firing of nerves IX and X, synpase on the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS), which stimulates the vagal nucleus

stimulation o the vagus produces a slowing of the heart, reflex bradycardia

inhibits vasomotor center and relfexively reduces smpyathetic tone to the periphery

31
Q

orthostatic hypotension

A

failure to maintain arterial pressure to do low vasomotor tone

produced by drugs that block the sympathetic link to the periphery

32
Q

drugs that block the sympathetic link to the periphery

A

alpha1 blockers

adrenergic neuron blockers

ganglion blockers

33
Q

micturition

A

parasympathetic spinal reflex

critical threshold is reached

sensory nerves send impulses to the spinal cord

activity emerges from the sacral spinal cord

34
Q

enteric division of the ANS

A

consists of submucous and myenteric plexi of neurons

third division of the ANS

controls the peristaltic reflex, which can occur very effectively in the absence of any extrinsic neruonal connections to the gut wall

an enormous number of different neurotransmitters

vagus nerve orders the events to occur but the enteric division carries out the peristaltic reflex

Foundations 2 (33 decks)

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